-
1 place-forte
Dictionnaire d'ingénierie, d'architecture et de construction > place-forte
-
2 place forte
-
3 place
place [plas]feminine nouna. ( = esplanade) square• places assises 20, places debout 40 seating capacity 20, standing passengers 40c. ( = espace) room ; ( = emplacement réservé) space• place aux jeunes ! make way for the younger generation!d. ( = billet) seat ; ( = prix, trajet) fare• l'entreprise occupe la seconde place sur le marché des ordinateurs the company ranks second in the computer market• figurer en bonne place [personne] to be prominentf. ( = emploi) job ; [de domestique] position• dans les médias, les places sont chères there's a lot of competition for jobs in the mediai. (locutions)► à la place ( = en échange) instead► à la place de ( = au lieu de) instead of• à ma place, tu aurais accepté ? if you were me, would you have agreed?• être en place [plan] to be ready• en place pour la photo ! everybody take up your positions for the photograph!• (à consommer) sur place ou à emporter ? sit in or take away?* * *plas1) ( espace) room, space2) (emplacement, espace défini) gén place; ( pour s'asseoir) seatdeux places pour ‘Le Lac des Cygnes’ — two tickets for ‘Swan Lake’
place aux jeunes or à la jeunesse! — lit, fig make way for the young!
payer sa place — (au cinéma, théâtre) to pay for one's ticket; ( dans un train etc) to pay one's fare
les places sont chères — fig ( parking difficile) parking spaces are hard to find; ( âpre concurrence dans l'emploi) jobs are hard to come by
prenez place — ( sur un siège) take a seat; ( chacun à son siège) take your seats; ( chacun à son poste) take your places
sur place — [aller] to the scene; [arriver] on the scene; [étudier] on the spot; [enquête] on-the-spot
3) ( dans un classement) place; ( dans un ordre) position4) ( substitution)à la place de — instead of, in place of
5) ( situation définie)en place — [système, structures] in place (après n); [troupes] in position (après n); [dirigeant, parti] ruling (épith)
ne plus tenir en place — to be restless ou fidgety
mettre en place — to put [something] in place [programme]; to put [something] in position [équipe]; to establish, to set up [réseau, institution]; to install [ligne téléphonique]
6) ( dans une agglomération) square7) Finance market8) ( emploi) job9) ( forteresse)être maître de la place — lit to be in control; fig to rule the roost
avoir un pied dans la place — fig to have a foot in the door
•Phrasal Verbs:* * *plas nf1) [ville, village] square2) [train, cinéma, voiture] seatToutes les places ont été vendues. — All the seats have been sold.
Il n'a pas payé sa place. — He didn't pay for his ticket.
Il y a vingt places assises. — There are 20 seats.
Il y a 20 places debout. — There is standing room for 20.
une quatre places AUTOMOBILES — a four-seater
3) (= endroit où l'on est assis) seatla place d'honneur — the place of honour Grande-Bretagne the place of honor USA the seat of honour Grande-Bretagne the seat of honor USA
4) (= emplacement) placeune place pour chaque chose et chaque chose à sa place — a place for everything and everything in its place
5) (espace libre) room, spaceça prend de la place — it takes up a lot of room, it takes up a lot of space
faire de la place à — to make room for, to make space for
6) (place de stationnement) parking placeIl ne reste plus de place pour se garer. — There's nowhere left to park.
7) (dans un classement) placeVincent a eu la troisième place au concours. — Vincent got third place in the competition.
8) (= emploi) jobà la place de — instead of, in place of
Il ne reste plus de tarte; désirez-vous quelque chose d'autre à la place? — There's no tart left; would you like something else instead?
de place en place — here and there, in places
par places — here and there, in places
See:* * *place nf1 ( espace) room, space; avoir de la place to have room ou space (pour faire to do); il y a encore assez de place pour deux personnes/valises there's enough room ou space left for two people/suitcases; avoir la place de faire to have enough room ou space to do; prendre de la place to take up room ou space; (faire) perdre/gagner de la place to waste/to save space; faire de la place to make room ou space (à qn/qch for sb/sth; pour faire to do); se faire de la place to make room ou space for oneself; laisser de la place (pour une personne, un meuble) to leave enough room ou space; ( pour un écrit) to leave enough space; laisse-moi un peu de place pour leur écrire un mot leave me a bit of space to write them a few lines;2 (emplacement, espace défini) gén place; ( pour s'asseoir) seat; chaque chose à sa place everything in its place; il est resté une heure à la même place he stayed in the same place for an hour; remettre qch à sa place to put sth back in its place; les dictionnaires ne sont pas à la bonne/à leur place the dictionaries aren't in the right place/where they should be; j'ai deux places pour ‘Le Lac des Cygnes’ I've got two tickets for ‘Swan Lake’; il reste une place en première there's one seat left in first class; laisse ta place à la dame! give the lady your seat!; est-ce que cette place est libre? is this seat free?; une salle de 200 places a 200 seat auditorium; j'ai eu une place gratuite I got a free seat; garde-moi ma place ( dans une file) keep my place; (dans un train, au cinéma) keep my seat; garde-moi une place (dans le train, au cinéma) keep me a seat; payer sa place (au cinéma, théâtre) to pay for one's ticket; Transp to pay one's fare; payer place entière (au cinéma, théâtre) to pay full price; Transp to pay full fare; les places sont chères fig ( parking difficile) parking spaces are hard to find; ( âpre concurrence dans l'emploi) jobs are hard to come by; prenez place ( sur un siège) take a seat; ( chacun à son siège) take your seats; ( chacun à son poste) take your places; prendre place ( s'asseoir) to take a seat; ( s'installer) [exposant, stand] to set up; [tireur, policier] to position oneself; ( s'intégrer) to take one's place; roman qui a pris place parmi les plus grands novel that has taken its place among the greatest; sur place [aller, envoyer, se rendre] to the scene; [arriver] on the scene; [être, trouver, sautiller, étudier] on the spot; [enquête, recherche, tournage] on-the-spot ( épith); de place en place here and there; voiture de quatre places four-seater car; divan à trois places three-seater sofa; ⇒ chasse;3 ( emplacement pour se garer) parking place; appartement avec place de parking apartment with parking space; je n'ai pas trouvé de place pour or où me garer I couldn't find a parking space ou a place to park; un parking de 500 places a car park for 500 cars;4 (rang dans un classement, la société) place; ( position dans un ordre) position; prendre la place de qn to take sb's place; prendre or obtenir la deuxième place to take second place (à in); il est dans les premières/dernières places he's up toward(s) the top/down toward(s) the bottom; la place d'un mot dans une phrase the position of a word in a sentence; se faire une place dans le monde de la finance to carve out a place for oneself in the world of finance; être en bonne place pour gagner/réussir to be well-placed ou in a good position to win/succeed; il occupe une place éminente he holds a very high position (à, dans in); chacun (à) sa place everyone should know his place; il faut savoir rester à sa place you must know your place; il n'est pas à sa place dans cette réception he looks out of place at this reception; je ne me sens pas à ma place dans ce milieu I feel out of place in this environment; remettre qn à sa place to put sb in his/her place; quelle place faire à l'art? what place can be afforded to art?; avoir sa place dans to deserve a place in; il n'y a pas de place pour eux dans notre système there is no place for them in our system; avoir une place à part or de choix dans to have a special place in; tenir une grande place/une place très importante dans la vie de qn to play a large part/a very important part in sb's life; donner or consacrer or faire une large place à qch to put a lot of emphasis on sth; la place croissante de l'environnement en politique the growing emphasis on the environment in politics; notre travail laisse peu de place à l'imagination our work leaves little room for the imagination; faire place à to give way to; place aux jeunes or à la jeunesse! lit, fig make way for the young!;5 ( substitution) à la place de instead of, in place of; il a mis de la vodka à la place du cognac he's used vodka instead of brandy; il y a maintenant un comité à la place de l'ancien directeur there's now a committee in place of the former manager; ils sont partis/ont été récompensés à notre place they went/were rewarded instead of us; qu'aurais-tu fait à ma place? what would you have done in my place?; (si j'étais) à ta place if I were in your position ou shoes; mets-toi à leur place put yourself in their position ou shoes; téléphone-lui toi-même, je ne peux pas le faire à ta place! phone him yourself, I can't do it for you!; j'ai mis le vase à la place du cendrier I put the vase where the ashtray was; construire une école à la place de la gare ( où était la gare) to build a school where the station used to be; ( où était prévue la gare) to build a school where the station should have been; ( au lieu de) to build a school instead of a station;6 ( situation définie) en place [système, structures] in place ( après n); [troupes] in position ( après n); [dirigeant, pouvoir, régime, parti] ruling ( épith); les gens en place the powers that be; nos hommes sont en place our men are in position; ne plus tenir en place to be restless ou fidgety; les enfants ne tiennent plus en place the children keep fidgeting; mettre en place to put [sth] in place [grillage, programme, règlement, stratégie]; to put [sth] in ou into position [satellite, troupes, équipe]; to establish, to set up [réseau, marché, régime, institution]; to install [ligne téléphonique, canalisations]; se mettre en place [plan, politique, système, structure] to be put in place; [forces, troupes, police] ( être mis en position) to be put in ou into position; ( soi-même) to position oneself; [réseau, marché, régime] to be established, to be set up; mise en place (de grillage, système, normes, services) putting in place; (de satellite, forces, d'équipe) positioning; (de réseau, marché, régime, d'institution) establishment, setting up; (de ligne téléphonique, canalisation) installationGB; remettre en place to put [sth] back in place; on se retrouve sur place we'll meet up there; je suis sur place, je peux le faire I'm on the spot, I can do it; dépannage/inscriptions sur place on-the-spot repairs/registration; ouvrage à consulter sur place reference book; laisser qn sur place to leave sb standing;7 ( dans une agglomération) square; la place du village the village square; sur la place Tiananmen/Rouge in Tiananmen/Red Square; la place de la Concorde the Place de la Concorde; la place du marché the marketplace;8 Fin market; place financière financial market; sur la place parisienne or de Paris on the Paris market;9 ( emploi) job; avoir une bonne place chez to have a good job with; perdre sa place to lose one's job; c'est une place très recherchée or demandée it's a highly sought-after job ou position; il y a des places à prendre there are good job opportunities;10 ( forteresse) entrer dans la place to get in on the inside; être dans la place to be on the inside; être maître de la place lit to be in control; fig to rule the roost; se rendre maître de la place to take control; avoir un pied dans la place fig to have a foot in the door.place d'armes Mil parade ground; place assise seat; place forte Mil fortified town; place d'honneur ( à table) place ou seat of honourGB; la place publique the public; intéresser la place publique to interest the public; sur la place publique [célébrer, apprendre, entendre] in public; mettre or porter or étaler qch sur la place publique to bring sth out in the open [[information, projet].je ne lâcherais or donnerais pas ma place pour un empire I wouldn't change places for the world ou for all the tea in China; une place pour chaque chose et chaque chose à sa place Prov a place for everything and everything in its place.[plas] nom fémininfaire de la place to make room ou spaceil reste de la place pour quatre personnes there's enough space ou room left for four peoplea. [à table, au lit] don't take up so much roomb. [sur la page] don't use up all the spacelaisser la ou faire place à to make room ou way forla machine à écrire a fait place au traitement de texte wordprocessors have taken over from ou superseded typewritersce travail ne laisse aucune place à la créativité there's no place ou room for creativity in this kind of workla musique tient une grande place dans ma vie music is very important in ou is an important part of my lifeplace au sol [d'un ordinateur, d'une voiture] footprintb. (figuré) to clear up, to make a clean sweepchanger les meubles/la cuisinière de place to move the furniture around/the stovemets/remets les clefs à leur place put the keys/put the keys back where they belongest-ce que tout est à sa place? is everything in order ou in its proper place?[d'une personne]a. [sa position] to go back to one's placeb. [son rôle] to go back to where one belongsnotre collègue ne pourra pas reprendre sa place parmi nous our colleague is unable to resume his post with usremettre quelqu'un à sa place to put somebody in his/her placese faire une place au soleil to make a success of things, to find one's place in the sun3. [siège] seat[fauteuil au spectacle] seat[billet] ticketa. [sur l'estrade] to sit at the centre of the stageb. [à table] to sit at the top ou head of the tableréserver une place d'avion/de train to make a plane/train reservationça vous ennuierait de changer de place? would you mind swapping ou changing places?dans le monde du spectacle, les places sont chères it's difficult to gain a foothold in show business4. [dans un parking] (parking) spaceun parking de 1 000 places a car park with space for 1,000 cars5. [espace urbain] squareêtre ou partir en bonne place pour gagner to be (all) set to win8. BOURSEle dollar est à la hausse sur la place financière de New York the dollar has risen on the New York exchange9. MILITAIREplace (forte) fortress, strongholda. (sens propre) [ville assiégée] here we are, inside the walls (of the city)b. [endroit quelconque] here we are10. (Belgique) [pièce d'habitation] room————————à la place locution adverbialej'ai rapporté la jupe et j'ai pris un pantalon à la place I returned the skirt and exchanged it for a pair of trousers————————à la place de locution prépositionnelle1. [au lieu de] instead of2. [dans la situation de]à ma/sa place in my/his placeà ta place, j'irais if I were you I'd goje ne voudrais pas être à sa place rather him than me, I wouldn't like to be in his shoesde place en place locution adverbiale————————en place locution adjectivale[important] establishedles gens en place disent que... the powers that be say that...————————en place locution adverbiale1. [là] in positionest-ce que tout est en place? is everything in order ou in its proper place?2. (locution)c. [réseau] to set up (separable)ça va lui mettre/remettre les idées en place it'll give him a more realistic view of things/set him thinking straight againa. [il est turbulent] he can't keep stillb. [il est anxieux] he's nervousc. [il voyage beaucoup] he's always on the move————————par places locution adverbiale————————sur place locution adverbialela place Beauvau square in Paris (also refers to the Ministry of the Interior, whose offices are situated there)la place de la Concorde square in Paris (one of the biggest and busiest squares in Paris, laid out in the reign of Louis XV)la place du Colonel-Fabien square in Paris (also refers to the Communist party headquarters, which are situated there)la place de Grève former name of the Place de l'Hôtel de Ville in Paris. (The place where the unemployed gathered to wait for work, it was the origin of the expression "se mettre en grève")la place Rouge Red Squarela place Saint-Marc Saint Mark's Squarela place Tian'anmen Tiananmen Squarela place Vendôme square in Paris (the name evokes opulence and luxury because of the Ritz hotel and the jewellery shops situated on the square)la place des Vosges elegant and fashionable square in the Marais district of Paris, built under Henri IV -
4 placé
place [plas]feminine nouna. ( = esplanade) square• places assises 20, places debout 40 seating capacity 20, standing passengers 40c. ( = espace) room ; ( = emplacement réservé) space• place aux jeunes ! make way for the younger generation!d. ( = billet) seat ; ( = prix, trajet) fare• l'entreprise occupe la seconde place sur le marché des ordinateurs the company ranks second in the computer market• figurer en bonne place [personne] to be prominentf. ( = emploi) job ; [de domestique] position• dans les médias, les places sont chères there's a lot of competition for jobs in the mediai. (locutions)► à la place ( = en échange) instead► à la place de ( = au lieu de) instead of• à ma place, tu aurais accepté ? if you were me, would you have agreed?• être en place [plan] to be ready• en place pour la photo ! everybody take up your positions for the photograph!• (à consommer) sur place ou à emporter ? sit in or take away?* * *plas1) ( espace) room, space2) (emplacement, espace défini) gén place; ( pour s'asseoir) seatdeux places pour ‘Le Lac des Cygnes’ — two tickets for ‘Swan Lake’
place aux jeunes or à la jeunesse! — lit, fig make way for the young!
payer sa place — (au cinéma, théâtre) to pay for one's ticket; ( dans un train etc) to pay one's fare
les places sont chères — fig ( parking difficile) parking spaces are hard to find; ( âpre concurrence dans l'emploi) jobs are hard to come by
prenez place — ( sur un siège) take a seat; ( chacun à son siège) take your seats; ( chacun à son poste) take your places
sur place — [aller] to the scene; [arriver] on the scene; [étudier] on the spot; [enquête] on-the-spot
3) ( dans un classement) place; ( dans un ordre) position4) ( substitution)à la place de — instead of, in place of
5) ( situation définie)en place — [système, structures] in place (après n); [troupes] in position (après n); [dirigeant, parti] ruling (épith)
ne plus tenir en place — to be restless ou fidgety
mettre en place — to put [something] in place [programme]; to put [something] in position [équipe]; to establish, to set up [réseau, institution]; to install [ligne téléphonique]
6) ( dans une agglomération) square7) Finance market8) ( emploi) job9) ( forteresse)être maître de la place — lit to be in control; fig to rule the roost
avoir un pied dans la place — fig to have a foot in the door
•Phrasal Verbs:* * *plas nf1) [ville, village] square2) [train, cinéma, voiture] seatToutes les places ont été vendues. — All the seats have been sold.
Il n'a pas payé sa place. — He didn't pay for his ticket.
Il y a vingt places assises. — There are 20 seats.
Il y a 20 places debout. — There is standing room for 20.
une quatre places AUTOMOBILES — a four-seater
3) (= endroit où l'on est assis) seatla place d'honneur — the place of honour Grande-Bretagne the place of honor USA the seat of honour Grande-Bretagne the seat of honor USA
4) (= emplacement) placeune place pour chaque chose et chaque chose à sa place — a place for everything and everything in its place
5) (espace libre) room, spaceça prend de la place — it takes up a lot of room, it takes up a lot of space
faire de la place à — to make room for, to make space for
6) (place de stationnement) parking placeIl ne reste plus de place pour se garer. — There's nowhere left to park.
7) (dans un classement) placeVincent a eu la troisième place au concours. — Vincent got third place in the competition.
8) (= emploi) jobà la place de — instead of, in place of
Il ne reste plus de tarte; désirez-vous quelque chose d'autre à la place? — There's no tart left; would you like something else instead?
de place en place — here and there, in places
par places — here and there, in places
See:* * *place nf1 ( espace) room, space; avoir de la place to have room ou space (pour faire to do); il y a encore assez de place pour deux personnes/valises there's enough room ou space left for two people/suitcases; avoir la place de faire to have enough room ou space to do; prendre de la place to take up room ou space; (faire) perdre/gagner de la place to waste/to save space; faire de la place to make room ou space (à qn/qch for sb/sth; pour faire to do); se faire de la place to make room ou space for oneself; laisser de la place (pour une personne, un meuble) to leave enough room ou space; ( pour un écrit) to leave enough space; laisse-moi un peu de place pour leur écrire un mot leave me a bit of space to write them a few lines;2 (emplacement, espace défini) gén place; ( pour s'asseoir) seat; chaque chose à sa place everything in its place; il est resté une heure à la même place he stayed in the same place for an hour; remettre qch à sa place to put sth back in its place; les dictionnaires ne sont pas à la bonne/à leur place the dictionaries aren't in the right place/where they should be; j'ai deux places pour ‘Le Lac des Cygnes’ I've got two tickets for ‘Swan Lake’; il reste une place en première there's one seat left in first class; laisse ta place à la dame! give the lady your seat!; est-ce que cette place est libre? is this seat free?; une salle de 200 places a 200 seat auditorium; j'ai eu une place gratuite I got a free seat; garde-moi ma place ( dans une file) keep my place; (dans un train, au cinéma) keep my seat; garde-moi une place (dans le train, au cinéma) keep me a seat; payer sa place (au cinéma, théâtre) to pay for one's ticket; Transp to pay one's fare; payer place entière (au cinéma, théâtre) to pay full price; Transp to pay full fare; les places sont chères fig ( parking difficile) parking spaces are hard to find; ( âpre concurrence dans l'emploi) jobs are hard to come by; prenez place ( sur un siège) take a seat; ( chacun à son siège) take your seats; ( chacun à son poste) take your places; prendre place ( s'asseoir) to take a seat; ( s'installer) [exposant, stand] to set up; [tireur, policier] to position oneself; ( s'intégrer) to take one's place; roman qui a pris place parmi les plus grands novel that has taken its place among the greatest; sur place [aller, envoyer, se rendre] to the scene; [arriver] on the scene; [être, trouver, sautiller, étudier] on the spot; [enquête, recherche, tournage] on-the-spot ( épith); de place en place here and there; voiture de quatre places four-seater car; divan à trois places three-seater sofa; ⇒ chasse;3 ( emplacement pour se garer) parking place; appartement avec place de parking apartment with parking space; je n'ai pas trouvé de place pour or où me garer I couldn't find a parking space ou a place to park; un parking de 500 places a car park for 500 cars;4 (rang dans un classement, la société) place; ( position dans un ordre) position; prendre la place de qn to take sb's place; prendre or obtenir la deuxième place to take second place (à in); il est dans les premières/dernières places he's up toward(s) the top/down toward(s) the bottom; la place d'un mot dans une phrase the position of a word in a sentence; se faire une place dans le monde de la finance to carve out a place for oneself in the world of finance; être en bonne place pour gagner/réussir to be well-placed ou in a good position to win/succeed; il occupe une place éminente he holds a very high position (à, dans in); chacun (à) sa place everyone should know his place; il faut savoir rester à sa place you must know your place; il n'est pas à sa place dans cette réception he looks out of place at this reception; je ne me sens pas à ma place dans ce milieu I feel out of place in this environment; remettre qn à sa place to put sb in his/her place; quelle place faire à l'art? what place can be afforded to art?; avoir sa place dans to deserve a place in; il n'y a pas de place pour eux dans notre système there is no place for them in our system; avoir une place à part or de choix dans to have a special place in; tenir une grande place/une place très importante dans la vie de qn to play a large part/a very important part in sb's life; donner or consacrer or faire une large place à qch to put a lot of emphasis on sth; la place croissante de l'environnement en politique the growing emphasis on the environment in politics; notre travail laisse peu de place à l'imagination our work leaves little room for the imagination; faire place à to give way to; place aux jeunes or à la jeunesse! lit, fig make way for the young!;5 ( substitution) à la place de instead of, in place of; il a mis de la vodka à la place du cognac he's used vodka instead of brandy; il y a maintenant un comité à la place de l'ancien directeur there's now a committee in place of the former manager; ils sont partis/ont été récompensés à notre place they went/were rewarded instead of us; qu'aurais-tu fait à ma place? what would you have done in my place?; (si j'étais) à ta place if I were in your position ou shoes; mets-toi à leur place put yourself in their position ou shoes; téléphone-lui toi-même, je ne peux pas le faire à ta place! phone him yourself, I can't do it for you!; j'ai mis le vase à la place du cendrier I put the vase where the ashtray was; construire une école à la place de la gare ( où était la gare) to build a school where the station used to be; ( où était prévue la gare) to build a school where the station should have been; ( au lieu de) to build a school instead of a station;6 ( situation définie) en place [système, structures] in place ( après n); [troupes] in position ( après n); [dirigeant, pouvoir, régime, parti] ruling ( épith); les gens en place the powers that be; nos hommes sont en place our men are in position; ne plus tenir en place to be restless ou fidgety; les enfants ne tiennent plus en place the children keep fidgeting; mettre en place to put [sth] in place [grillage, programme, règlement, stratégie]; to put [sth] in ou into position [satellite, troupes, équipe]; to establish, to set up [réseau, marché, régime, institution]; to install [ligne téléphonique, canalisations]; se mettre en place [plan, politique, système, structure] to be put in place; [forces, troupes, police] ( être mis en position) to be put in ou into position; ( soi-même) to position oneself; [réseau, marché, régime] to be established, to be set up; mise en place (de grillage, système, normes, services) putting in place; (de satellite, forces, d'équipe) positioning; (de réseau, marché, régime, d'institution) establishment, setting up; (de ligne téléphonique, canalisation) installationGB; remettre en place to put [sth] back in place; on se retrouve sur place we'll meet up there; je suis sur place, je peux le faire I'm on the spot, I can do it; dépannage/inscriptions sur place on-the-spot repairs/registration; ouvrage à consulter sur place reference book; laisser qn sur place to leave sb standing;7 ( dans une agglomération) square; la place du village the village square; sur la place Tiananmen/Rouge in Tiananmen/Red Square; la place de la Concorde the Place de la Concorde; la place du marché the marketplace;8 Fin market; place financière financial market; sur la place parisienne or de Paris on the Paris market;9 ( emploi) job; avoir une bonne place chez to have a good job with; perdre sa place to lose one's job; c'est une place très recherchée or demandée it's a highly sought-after job ou position; il y a des places à prendre there are good job opportunities;10 ( forteresse) entrer dans la place to get in on the inside; être dans la place to be on the inside; être maître de la place lit to be in control; fig to rule the roost; se rendre maître de la place to take control; avoir un pied dans la place fig to have a foot in the door.place d'armes Mil parade ground; place assise seat; place forte Mil fortified town; place d'honneur ( à table) place ou seat of honourGB; la place publique the public; intéresser la place publique to interest the public; sur la place publique [célébrer, apprendre, entendre] in public; mettre or porter or étaler qch sur la place publique to bring sth out in the open [[information, projet].je ne lâcherais or donnerais pas ma place pour un empire I wouldn't change places for the world ou for all the tea in China; une place pour chaque chose et chaque chose à sa place Prov a place for everything and everything in its place.1. [aux courses]2. [situé]a. [magasin, appartement] well-situatedb. [fermeture, bouton, couture] well-positioneda. [magasin, appartement] badly-locatedb. [fermeture, bouton, couture] poorly-positionedc. [coup] below the beltd. [abcès] in an awkward spotf. [orgueil] misplacedon était très bien/mal placés [au spectacle] we had really good/bad seats3. [socialement]haut placé well up ou high up in the hierarchy -
5 assaut
assaut [aso]masculine noun• à l'assaut ! charge!• prendre d'assaut [armée] to take by storm* * *asonom masculin gén attack (de on); ( de place forte) assault (de on)donner l'assaut, monter à l'assaut — to attack
se lancer or monter à l'assaut de — to launch an attack on
* * *aso nmassault, attackprendre d'assaut — to storm, to take by storm
* * *assaut nm gén attack (de on); ( de place forte) assault (de on); donner l'assaut, partir or monter à l'assaut to attack; se lancer or partir or monter à l'assaut de to launch an attack on [village, marché, buts adverses]; [candidat] to set out to win [électeurs]; [soliste] to launch into [œuvre]; prendre d'assaut [soldats, touristes] to storm; subir un double/triple assaut to be attacked on two/three fronts; le buffet a été pris d'assaut the buffet was besieged; la prise d'assaut de the storming of; à l'assaut! attack!; fig les assauts du froid/de la tempête the onslaught of cold weather/of the storm.[aso] nom masculinaller ou monter à l'assauta. (sens propre) to attack, to stormdonner l'assaut to launch ou to mount an attackse lancer à l'assaut d'une ville to launch an attack ou to mount an onslaught on a townils se sont lancés à l'assaut du marché japonais (figuré) they set out to capture the Japanese marketà la chute de la Bourse, les banques ont été prises d'assaut par les petits porteurs (figuré) when the Stock Exchange crashed, the banks were stormed by small shareholdersfaire assaut de (littéraire) : elles font assaut de politesse/gentillesse they're falling over each other to be polite/nice -
6 reprise
reprise [ʀ(ə)pʀiz]feminine nouna. [d'activité, cours, travaux, hostilités] resumption ; [de pièce de théâtre] revival ; [de film] rerun ; (Music = passage répété) repeat ; ( = rediffusion) repeat ; [de chanson] remake• la reprise (économique) est assez forte dans certains secteurs the (economic) revival is quite marked in certain sectorsb. avoir de bonnes reprises or de la reprise [voiture] to have good acceleration• nous vous offrons une reprise de 5 000 € pour l'achat d'une nouvelle voiture we'll give you 5,000 euros when you trade your old car ine. [de chaussette] darn ; [de drap, chemise] mend• faire une reprise or des reprises à un drap to mend a sheet• à maintes/plusieurs reprises many/several times* * *ʀəpʀiz1) Droit ( récupération) repossession2) ( recommencement) (de travaux, cours, vols, dialogue, négociations, d'hostilités) resumption (de of); (de pièce, film) rerun; ( d'émission) Radio, Télévision repeatreprise du travail — resumption of work; ( après une grève) return to work
à deux reprises — on two occasions, twice
la reprise de l'emploi — the increase ou rise in employment
4) Commerce ( de marchandise) return, taking back; ( contre un nouvel achat) trade-in, part exchange GB; Commerce, Économie (d'entreprise, de commerce) takeover30 euros de reprise sur votre vieille machine à laver contre achat d'une neuve — 30 euros for your old washing machine when you buy a new one
5) ( dans l'immobilier) key money6) Automobile acceleration [U]7) ( de tissu) mend; ( de lainage) darn8) Sport ( en boxe) round; ( au football) start of second half; ( en escrime) bout* * *ʀ(ə)pʀiz1. nf1) (= recommencement) [travaux, combats] resumptionIls ont voté contre la reprise du travail. — They voted against a return to work., They voted against returning to work.
Il faut attendre la reprise des cours. — We'll have to wait until the start of next term.
2) (= occasion)à deux reprises — twice, on two occasions
à plusieurs reprises — on several occasions, several times
3) (économique) recovery4) TV, [émission] repeat, CINÉMA, [film] rerun5) [chanson] cover, cover version6) BOXE round7) COMMERCE, [ancien appareil, véhicule] trade-in, part exchangeIls ont offert une excellente reprise. — They offered an excellent trade-in deal., They offered an excellent part-exchange deal.
8) COMMERCE, [article non désiré] return9) COMMERCE, FINANCE, [entreprise] takeover, buyoutIls sont candidats à la reprise de X. — They're interested in buying out X.
10) (lors d'une location) sum asked for any extras or improvements made to the property11) (= raccommodage) mend, (à une chaussette) darn2. reprises nfplAUTOMOBILES acceleration* * *reprise nf1 ( récupération) (de ville, place forte) recapture; Jur (de concession, bien) repossession; procédure de reprise Jur repossession proceedings;2 ( recommencement) (de travaux, cours, vols, dialogue, négociations, d'hostilités) resumption (de of); (de froid, mauvais temps) return (de of); (de pièce, film) rerun; ( d'émission) Radio, TV repeat; ( d'œuvre rarement jouée) revival; reprise du travail resumption of work; ( après une grève) return to work; reprise des cours le 10 mars school starts again on 10 March; à deux reprises on two occasions, twice; à plusieurs or maintes reprises on several occasions, repeatedly, again and again;3 Écon, Fin ( nouvel essor) (de demande, production) increase (de in); ( de commerce) revival (de of); reprise de la Bourse stock market rally ou recovery; la reprise économique/des affaires/des cours economic/business/stock market recovery; on assiste à une reprise de l'économie/du marché we're seeing an upturn in the economy/in the market; la reprise de l'emploi the fall in unemployment; les actions sont en reprise à 20 euros shares are up at 20 euros;4 Comm ( de marchandise) return, taking back; ( contre un nouvel achat) trade-in, part exchange GB; Comm, Écon (d'entreprise, de commerce) takeover, acquisition; marchandise en dépôt avec reprise des invendus goods on sale or return; la maison ne fait pas de reprise goods cannot be returned; donner une voiture en reprise to trade in a car; accepter une voiture en reprise to take a car in part GB ou partial US exchange; 50 euros de reprise sur votre vieille machine à laver contre achat d'une neuve 50 euros for your old washing machine when you buy a new one; valeur de reprise part exchange GB ou trade-in value;5 ( dans l'immobilier) key money; payer 1 000 euros de reprise au locataire partant to pay the outgoing tenant 1,000 euros key money;6 Aut acceleration ¢; avoir de bonnes reprises to have good acceleration;7 Cout ( de tissu) mend; (de chaussette, lainage) darn; faire une reprise à qch to mend [tissu, robe]; to darn [chaussette, lainage];8 Sport ( en boxe) round; ( au football) start of second half; ( en escrime) bout; Équit riding lesson; combat en 10 reprises fight over 10 rounds;9 ( réutilisation) taking up;10 Mus (phrase, signe, exécution) repeat;11 Constr faire la reprise d'un mur to repair a wall.reprise d'une entreprise par l'encadrement management buyout; reprise d'une entreprise par les salariés, RES employee buyout. -
7 conquérir
conquérir [kɔ̃keʀiʀ]➭ TABLE 21 transitive verb[+ pays] to conquer ; [+ part de marché] to capture ; [+ femme, cœur] to win ; [+ public] to win over* * *kɔ̃keʀiʀverbe transitif to conquer [pays, sommet]; to capture [marché]; to gain [pouvoir]; to win [amitié, personne]; to win over [auditoire]••se croire en pays or terrain conquis — to lord it over everyone
* * *kɔ̃keʀiʀ vt[place forte, pays, l'espace] to conquer, [pouvoir] to gain, [marché] to conquer, [titre, cœurs, estime] to win, [femme] to winêtre conquis; Ils ont été conquis par l'Italie du sud. — They were captivated by Southern Italy.
La première fois que je l'ai rencontrée, j'ai été conquis. — I was smitten the first time I met her.
* * *conquérir verb table: acquérir vtr to conquer [pays, sommet]; to capture [marché]; to gain [pouvoir]; to win [amitié, cœur, personne, titre, position]; to win over [lecteur, auditoire]; leur talent/charme a conquis Paris they captivated Paris with their talent/charm; des régions conquises sur areas captured from.se croire en pays or terrain conquis to lord it over everyone.[kɔ̃kerir] verbe transitifconquérir un homme/une femme to win a man's/a woman's heart -
8 dégarnir
degaʀniʀ
1.
verbe transitif to empty [rayon]
2.
se dégarnir verbe pronominal1) ( perdre ses cheveux)il a le front qui se dégarnit — his hair is receding, he's got a receding hair line
2) ( se vider) [rue, salle] to empty* * *deɡaʀniʀ vt(= vider) [vitrine, placard, salle] to empty* * *dégarnir verb table: finirA vtr to empty [rayon, frigo, compte en banque]; dégarnir une place forte de ses troupes Mil to withdraw the garrison from a fortress town.B se dégarnir vpr1 ( perdre ses cheveux) [personne] to be going bald, to be losing one's hair; il a le crâne qui se dégarnit he's receding, he's got a receding hairline;2 ( se vider) [rue, salle] to empty.[degarnir] verbe transitif1. [ôter les objets de - salon] to empty ; [ - collection] to deplete2. [ôter l'argent de - portefeuille] to empty, to deplete ; [ - compte en banque] to drain, to draw heavily on3. [ôter les feuilles de] to strip of its leaves————————se dégarnir verbe pronominal intransitif1. [se vider - boîte, collection, rayonnage] to become depleted ; [ - groupe] to become depleted, to thin outson crâne se dégarnit he's losing hair ou thinning on top3. [arbre] to lose its leaves[forêt] to become depleted ou thinner -
9 enlever
enlever [ɑ̃l(ə)ve]➭ TABLE 51. transitive verba. to remove• enlève tes mains de tes poches/de là take your hands out of your pockets/off thereb. enlever à qn [+ objet, argent] to take (away) from sbc. ( = emporter) [+ objet, meuble] to take away ; [+ ordures] to collect ; [+ voiture en infraction] to tow awayd. ( = kidnapper) to kidnap2. reflexive verb► s'enlever [tache, peinture, peau, écorce] to come off• comment est-ce que ça s'enlève ? [étiquette, housse] how do you remove it? ; [vêtement] how do you take it off?* * *ɑ̃lve
1.
1) ( ôter) gén to remove; to take [something] down [rideaux]; to take [something] off [vêtement]; to move [véhicule] (de from)enlève tes affaires de là/tes pieds du fauteuil — get (colloq) your things out of here/your feet off the armchair
2) ( supprimer) to remove (de from)3) ( priver de) to take [somebody/something] away [personnes, objet] (à from)4) ( ravir) to kidnap; [amant] to carry [somebody] off [bien -aimée]5) ( gagner) to carry [something] off [coupe, prix]; to capture [marché]6) ( avec brio) to give a brilliant rendering of [morceau de musique]
2.
s'enlever verbe pronominal1) ( disparaître) [vernis, papier peint] to come off; [tache] to come out2) ( être séparable) [pièce] to be detachableça s'enlève comment? — [vêtement] how do you take it off?
3) (colloq) ( partir)enlève-toi de là — get off (colloq)
* * *ɑ̃l(ə)ve vt1) [meuble d'une pièce, article d'une liste] to remove2) [tache, furoncle] to remove3) MÉDECINE, [organe] to remove4) [clou, vis] to remove, to take out5) [vêtement, lunettes] to take off6) [ordures, choses à emporter] to collect, to take away7)enlever qch à qn [privilège] — to take sth away from sb, [espoir] to rob sb of sth
Cette nouvelle nous a enlevé tout espoir. — This news robbed us of all hope.
8) (= kidnapper) to kidnap, to abductUn groupe terroriste a enlevé la femme de l'ambassadeur. — A terrorist group has kidnapped the ambassador's wife.
9) (= obtenir) [trophée, contrat] to win10) MILITAIRE, [position] to take11) [morceau de piano, figure acrobatique] to execute with spirit* * *enlever verb table: leverA vtr1 ( ôter) to take [sth] away, to remove [meuble, livre, vase]; to take [sth] down, to remove [rideaux, tableau, tuiles]; to take [sth] off [vêtement, chapeau, bijou]; to move, to remove [véhicule] (de from); enlève tes affaires de là/les mains de tes poches/tes pieds du fauteuil get your things out of here/your hands out of your pockets/your feet off the armchair;2 ( supprimer) to remove [tache, vernis, peinture] (de from); to remove [pépins, tumeur, amygdales];3 ( priver de) to take [sb/sth] away [personnes, objet, avantage, souci] (à from); enlever à qn l'envie de faire to put sb off doing; enlever toute signification à qch to make sth totally meaningless; cela n'enlève rien à leurs qualités it doesn't take away from their good qualities in any way; cela n'enlève rien à l'estime que j'ai pour elle it doesn't make me think any the less of her; la tuberculose nous l'a enlevé à 20 ans euph tuberculosis took him from us at 20; ⇒ pain;6 ( avec brio) to give a brilliant rendering of [morceau de musique].B s'enlever vpr1 ( disparaître) [vernis, papier peint] to come off; [tache] to come out; les taches s'enlèvent plus facilement à l'eau tiède/avec du savon stains come out more easily with warm water/with soap;2 ( être séparable) [pièce] to be detachable; le miroir peut s'enlever the mirror can be removed; les pépins s'enlèvent? do you take out ou remove the pips?; la peau s'enlève? do you peel it?; ça s'enlève comment? [vêtements, parure] how do you take ou get it off?;3 ( partir) enlève-toi de là○ get off○.[ɑ̃lve] verbe transitif1. [ôter - couvercle, housse, vêtement] to remove, to take off (separable) ; [ - étagère] to remove, to take down (separable)enlève ton manteau, mets-toi à l'aise take your coat off and make yourself comfortableils ont enlevé le reste des meubles ce matin they took away ou collected what was left of the furniture this morning3. [faire disparaître] to removea. [généralement] to remove a stainb. [en lavant] to wash out a stainc. [en frottant] to rub out a staind. [à l'eau de Javel] to bleach out a stain4. MÉDECINE [dentisterie]se faire enlever une dent to have a tooth pulled out ou extracted5. [soustraire]enlever quelque chose à quelqu'un to take something away from somebody, to deprive somebody of somethingne m'enlevez pas tous mes espoirs don't deprive ou rob me of all hopeenlever un marché to get ou to secure a deal7. [soulever] to lift10. [exécuter vite - sonate, chanson] to dash off (separable)————————s'enlever verbe pronominal (emploi passif)1. [vêtement, étiquette] to come off[écharde] to come outle costume s'enlève par le haut/par le bas you slip the costume off over your head/step out of the costume2. [s'effacer - tache] to come out ou off————————s'enlever verbe pronominal transitif -
10 évacuer
évacuer [evakye]➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb• faire évacuer [+ lieu] to clear* * *evakɥe1) lit to evacuate [personne]; to evacuate [lieu]; to drain off [eaux usées]; Médecine to evacuate [excréments]2) fig to shrug off [problème]* * *evakɥe vt1) [salle, région] to evacuate, to clear2) [occupants, population] to evacuate3) [toxine] to evacuate* * *évacuer verb table: aimer vtr1 ( faire sortir) to evacuate [personne]; ( vider) to evacuate [lieu]; to drain off [eaux usées]; faire évacuer une pièce to evacuate a room;2 fig to shrug off [problème];[evakɥe] verbe transitif1. PHYSIOLOGIE [toxine] to eliminate[excrément] to evacuate[pus] to drain off (separable)2. [faire s'écouler] to drain[position] to retreat from (inseparable)[place forte] to leave4. [navire, hôpital] to evacuatefaire évacuer un bâtiment to evacuate ou to clear a building5. [personne, population] -
11 tenere
1. v/t hold(conservare, mantenere) keep( gestire) runspazio take upconferenza givetenere d'occhio keep an eye on, watch2. v/i hold (on)tenere a ( dare importanza a) care aboutsports support* * *tenere v.tr.1 to hold* (anche fig.); ( mantenere, conservare) to keep* (anche fig.): tenere in mano qlco., to hold sthg. in one's hands; tenere in braccio un bambino, to hold a baby in one's arms; tenere le mani in tasca, to keep one's hands in one's pocket; tenere un cibo in caldo, to keep food hot; tenere la lingua a posto, to hold one's tongue; tenere la finestra aperta, to keep the window open; ho tenuto in, a casa il bambino, I have kept the child in; ci ha tenuto in piedi per due ore, he kept us standing for two hours; tenere in vita qlcu., to keep s.o. alive; tenere insieme, to hold together; due colonne tengono su il soffitto, two pillars hold up the ceiling; tenere su il morale a qlcu., to bolster s.o.'s morale; tenere su la testa, to hold one's head up; posso tenere i guanti?, may I keep my gloves on?; tiene le chiavi della macchina sulla scrivania, he keeps the car keys on his desk; tenere stretto qlco., to hold on tightly to sthg. // tientelo per te, keep it under your hat // tenere buono qlcu., to keep s.o. quiet; è un bambino così vivace che non so come tenerlo, this child is so lively that I don't know how to keep him under control // tenere qlcu. informato, al corrente di qlco., to keep s.o. informed (o to let s.o. know) about sthg.; tenere qlcu. all'oscuro di qlco., to keep s.o. in the dark about sthg.; tenere qlco. nascosto a qlcu., to keep sthg. from s.o. // tenere presente qlco., to bear sthg. in mind: tieni presente che..., bear in mind that... // tenere a mente qlco., to keep sthg. in mind // tenere in ordine, to keep in order; tenere a posto, to keep tidy; tenere da conto qlco., to treat sthg. with care // tenere il posto a qlcu., to keep a seat for s.o., ( di lavoro) to keep a job (open) for s.o. // tenere le parti di qlcu., to side with s.o. // tenere una promessa, to keep a promise // tenere il diario, to keep one's diary // (aut.): tenere la destra, la sinistra, to keep to the right, to the left; una macchina che tiene bene la strada, a car that holds the road well // (comm.): nel nostro negozio non teniamo questa merce, we don't keep these goods in our shop; tenere merci in magazzino, to stock goods; tenere la cassa, to be in charge of the cash; tenere i conti, la contabilità, to keep accounts, the books; tenere il resto, to keep the change; tenere alti, bassi i prezzi, to keep prices up, down; tenere a bada i creditori, (amer.) to stall off creditors // tenere a cresima un bambino, to act as godparent to a child3 ( avere) to keep*, to have: tenere una cameriera, to keep (o to have) a maid // tengo famiglia, (dial.) I've got a family to support4 ( gestire) to keep*, to run*, to manage: tenere un negozio, to keep a shop; tenere un'azienda, una scuola, to run a business, a school // tenere una carica pubblica, to hold a public office5 ( occupare) to take* up: tennero il forte per due mesi, they held the fort for two months; questa scrivania tiene troppo posto, this desk takes up too much room6 ( trattenere) to keep*, to hold*: l'influenza l'ha tenuto a letto un paio di giorni, the flu kept him in bed for a couple of days; i vigili tenevano indietro la gente, the policemen were keeping (o holding) back people; tenere qlcu. per il braccio, to hold s.o. by the arm; tenere le lacrime, to restrain one's tears; tenere il fiato, to hold one's breath // tenersi la pancia dal ridere, (fam.) to hold one's sides with laughter7 ( contenere) to hold*, to contain: questa bottiglia tiene un litro, this bottle holds (o contains) a litre8 ( considerare) to consider, to regard, to hold*: tenere caro qlco., to hold sthg. dear; tenere per certo, to take (o to accept) as given; l'ho sempre tenuto per un buon ragazzo, (non com.) I have always considered him to be (o regarded him as) a good boy; tenere una notizia per vera, to take news as true // tientelo per detto, take the lesson to heart9 ( organizzare) to hold*; ( fare) to deliver: tenere una riunione, to hold a meeting; tenere un discorso, to deliver a speech; tenere una lezione, to give a lesson10 ( liquido, gas, non lasciarlo passare) to hold*: barile che tiene l'acqua, barrel that holds water (o that is watertight); questa stoffa tiene l'acqua, this material is waterproof◆ v. intr.1 ( non perdere) to be watertight: il serbatoio non tiene bene, the tank isn't watertight; il rubinetto non tiene, the tap leaks2 ( resistere) to hold*: questa corda non terrà a lungo, this rope will not hold long; tieni duro, non cedere, hold on, don't give in // non c'è scusa che tenga, (fam.) there is no excuse for it // tenere dietro a qlcu., ( seguirlo) to follow s.o.3 ( dare importanza) to care; ( desiderare) to like: tenere alle apparenze, to attach great importance to appearances; terrei molto a incontrarlo, I would like very much to meet him; tiene molto ai suoi titoli, he is very proud of his titles; non ci tengo, I don't care (for it)4 ( parteggiare) to support (s.o.): tenere per una squadra di calcio, to support a football team; tenere dalla parte dei contribuenti, to support (o to side with) taxpayers5 ( assomigliare) (non com.) to take* after (s.o.): tenere dal padre, dalla madre, to take after one's father, one's mother.◘ tenersi v.rifl.1 to keep* (oneself), to hold* (oneself); to stand*: tieniti alla ringhiera, hold on to the banister; tienti fermo, hold (o keep) still; tienti fuori dalle loro discussioni, keep out of their discussions; tienti lontano da questi luoghi, keep away from these places // egli si tenne sulle sue, he was rather reserved (o stiff) // tenere in contatto con qlcu., to keep in touch with s.o. // tenere in esercizio, to keep one's hand in // tenere indietro, to stand back; tenere in piedi, to keep on one's feet; tenere a destra, to keep to the right; tenere pronto, to keep ready2 ( considerarsi) to hold* oneself, to consider oneself: non mi tengo responsabile di ciò, I do not hold myself responsible for it4 ( attenersi) to stick*, to follow (sthg.): tienti alle sue istruzioni, follow his instructions; tienti al testo, stick to the text; tenere ai fatti, to stick to the facts.* * *1. [te'nere]vb irreg vttieni, usa il mio — here, use mine
tieni, questo è per te — here, this is for you
non mi serve, puoi tenerlo — I don't need it, you can keep it
tieni gli occhi chiusi — keep your eyes shut o closed
tenere la rotta Naut — to keep o stay on course
il nemico teneva la città — the enemy had the city under its control o held the city
tenere la destra/la sinistra Auto — to keep to the right/the left
2) (dare: conferenza, lezione) to give, (organizzare: riunione, assemblea) to hold3) (occupare: spazio) to take up, occupy4) (contenere: sogg: recipiente) to hold5)tenere il mare Naut — to be seaworthytenere la strada Auto — to hold the road
6)tenere conto di qn/qc — to take sb/sth into account o considerationtenere in gran conto o considerazione qn — to have a high regard for sb, think highly of sb
1) (resistere) to hold out, last, (chiusura, nodo) to holdtenere duro — (resistere) to stand firm, hold out
2)tenere per qn/qc — to support sb/sth3)tenere a — (reputazione, persona, vestiario) to attach great importance to
4)tenere a, tenerci a — to care about, attach great importance totenere a fare — to want to do, be keen to do
ci tenevo ad andare — I was keen on going, I was keen to go
non ci tengo — I don't care about it, it's not that important to me
3. vr (tenersi)1) (reggersi)tenersi a qn/qc — to hold onto sb/sth
tenersi per mano — (uso reciproco) to hold hands
non si teneva più dal ridere fig — he couldn't help laughing, he couldn't keep from laughing
2) (mantenersi) to keep, betenersi vicino al/lontano dal muro — to keep close to/away from the wall
tenersi a destra/sinistra — to keep right/left
3) (attenersi)tenersi a — to comply with, stick to
* * *[te'nere] 1.verbo transitivo1) (stringere, reggere) to hold* [oggetto, persona, animale]tenere qcs. in mano — to hold sth. in one's hand
tenere qcn. per mano — to hold sb.'s hand
tenere qcn. per — to hold sb. by [manica, braccio]
tenere qcs. per — to hold sth. by [manico, impugnatura]
tienimi la scala! — keep o hold the ladder steady (for me)!
2) (mantenere) to keep* to [ traiettoria]; to keep* [ segreto]; mus. to hold* [ nota]; mus. to keep* [ritmo, tempo]tenere gli occhi aperti, bassi — to keep one's eyes open, lowered
tenere qcn. occupato — to keep sb. busy
tenere qcn. prigioniero — to hold sb. prisoner
tenere qcs. segreto — to keep sth. secret
3) (conservare) to keep*tenere bene, male i libri — to keep one's books well, badly, to keep one's books in good, bad condition
mi hai tenuto il giornale di ieri? — did you keep o save yesterday's newspaper for me?
4) (badare a)5) (prendere per sé) to keep*6) comm. (trattare, vendere) to carry [articolo, prodotto]7) (trattenere) to hold* back, to control, to restrain [ lacrime]8) (seguire)tenere la sinistra, la destra — to keep (to the) left, right
tenere la rotta — to hold o steer the route
tenere la strada — aut. to hold the road
9) (contenere) to hold*10) (occupare) [ oggetto] to take* up [spazio, posto]; mil. to hold* [territorio, ponte, città]12) (effettuare) to hold* [incontro, corso, lezioni, assemblea]; to give* [discorso, conferenza]14) (alle proprie dipendenze) to keep* [baby-sitter, cuoco]2.1) (reggere) [chiodo, corda, mensola] to hold*; [colla, cerotto] to hold*, to stick*2) (durare) [ tempo] to hold*; [ matrimonio] to last, to hold* together3) (tifare)tenere per — to be a supporter of, to support
tenere a — to care for o about [ persona]; to be fond of [ oggetto]; to value [libertà, reputazione, indipendenza, vita]
3.mia moglie vuole andarci, ma io non ci tengo — my wife wants to go but I'm not keen on it
verbo pronominale tenersi1) (reggersi) [ persona] to hold* [testa, pancia, braccio]2) (aggrapparsi) to hold* on, to cling* on (a onto, to)3) (mantenersi)-rsi qcs. — to keep sth.
- rsi dal fare — to hold back from doing, to keep oneself from doing
6) (avere luogo) [manifestazione, riunione] to be* held, to take* place••* * *tenere/te'nere/ [93]⇒ 201 (stringere, reggere) to hold* [oggetto, persona, animale]; tenere qcs. in mano to hold sth. in one's hand; tenere qcn. per mano to hold sb.'s hand; tenere qcn. per to hold sb. by [manica, braccio]; tenere qcs. per to hold sth. by [manico, impugnatura]; puoi tenermi la borsa? can you hold my bag for me? tienimi la scala! keep o hold the ladder steady (for me)!2 (mantenere) to keep* to [ traiettoria]; to keep* [ segreto]; mus. to hold* [ nota]; mus. to keep* [ritmo, tempo]; tenere le mani in alto to hold one's hands up (in the air); tenere gli occhi aperti, bassi to keep one's eyes open, lowered; tenere qcn. occupato to keep sb. busy; tenere qcn. prigioniero to hold sb. prisoner; tenere qcs. segreto to keep sth. secret3 (conservare) to keep*; tenere i cibi al fresco to keep food in a cool place; ha tenuto tutte le tue lettere he kept all of your letters; dove tieni il vino? where do you keep your wine? tenere bene, male i libri to keep one's books well, badly, to keep one's books in good, bad condition; mi hai tenuto il giornale di ieri? did you keep o save yesterday's newspaper for me?4 (badare a) mi tieni il gatto mentre sono via? can you take care of my cat while I'm away?5 (prendere per sé) to keep*; tienilo per ricordo keep it as a memento; queste osservazioni tienile per te keep these remarks to yourself; tieni! è per te here (you are)! it's for you6 comm. (trattare, vendere) to carry [articolo, prodotto]7 (trattenere) to hold* back, to control, to restrain [ lacrime]8 (seguire) tenere la sinistra, la destra to keep (to the) left, right; tenere la rotta to hold o steer the route; tenere la strada aut. to hold the road9 (contenere) to hold*; la sala tiene 300 persone the room holds 300 people; quanto tiene il serbatoio? what does the tank hold?12 (effettuare) to hold* [incontro, corso, lezioni, assemblea]; to give* [discorso, conferenza]13 (avere un comportamento) tenere una condotta discutibile to behave questionably14 (alle proprie dipendenze) to keep* [baby-sitter, cuoco](aus. avere)1 (reggere) [chiodo, corda, mensola] to hold*; [colla, cerotto] to hold*, to stick*3 (tifare) per che squadra tieni? what's your team? what team do you root for o support? tenere per to be a supporter of, to support4 (dare molta importanza) tenere a to care for o about [ persona]; to be fond of [ oggetto]; to value [libertà, reputazione, indipendenza, vita]; tengo molto a lui I care a lot about him5 tenerci (volere fortemente) ci tengo molto it's really important for me; se ci tenete if you like; ci tengo a mantenermi in forma I like to keep fit; ci tengo ad avervi a cena you really must come to dinner; mia moglie vuole andarci, ma io non ci tengo my wife wants to go but I'm not keen on itIII tenersi verbo pronominale1 (reggersi) [ persona] to hold* [testa, pancia, braccio]; - rsi la testa tra le mani to hold one's head in one's hands; - rsi per mano to hold hands; - rsi a braccetto to be arm in arm; - rsi in piedi to stand (on one's feet)2 (aggrapparsi) to hold* on, to cling* on (a onto, to); tenetevi (forte) hold on (tight)5 (trattenersi) - rsi dal fare to hold back from doing, to keep oneself from doing6 (avere luogo) [manifestazione, riunione] to be* held, to take* placenon c'è scusa che tenga there can be no possible excuse. -
12 sei
sī (orig. and ante-class. form seī), conj. [from a pronominal stem = Gr. he; Sanscr. sva-, self; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional particle, if.I.Prop.a.With indic.; so in gen., in conditions which are assumed to be true, with the verb in pres. or perf.; less freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions which may probably become true, with the verb in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).(α).Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):(β).si vis, dabo tibi testes,
Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58:si voltis,
id. ib. 1, 28, 44:si placet,
id. ib. 2, 44, 71;1, 21, 34: si tuo commodo fleri potest,
id. ib. 1, 9, 14:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
id. ib. 1, 18, 30:si populus plurimum potest,
id. ib. 3, 14, 23:si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest tamen, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35:quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si nec privata domus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?
id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit,
id. Rep. 3, 18, 28:Si quaerimus, cur, etc.,
id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by modo:magnifica quidem res, si modo est ulla,
Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:deliget populus, si modo salvus esse vult, optimum quemque,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:quae (virtus) est una, si modo est, maxime munifica,
id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:si quisquam est facilis, hic est,
id. Att. 14, 1, 2:si ulla res est, quam tibi me petente faciendam putes, haec ea sit,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11:SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae (libertas), si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est,
Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49:id si minus intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest,
id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.:dicito, si quid vis, non nocebo,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235:si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 3:si aliquid dandum est voluptati,
id. Sen. 13, 44;four times repeated,
id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. after mirum est or miror, as expressing reality (= quod or cum; cf. Gr. ei):noli mirari, si hoc non impetras,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:ecquid mirum est, si tam ab amico animo pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus?
id. 8, 7, 14.—With a negative conclusion, to denote that, although the condition is true, or is conceded, a certain inference does not follow: nec, si omne enuntiatum aut verum aut falsum est, sequitur ilico esse causas, etc.,
Cic. Fat. 12, 28:nec. si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur,
id. Phil. 13, 6, 19:si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur praemium qui inprudens profuit,
Quint. 5, 10, 73:nec ideo ignis minus urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis,
Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—Imperf.:(γ).ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43:si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc.,
id. Sest. 1.—Perf.:(δ).SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. talio, p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37:si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 10, 18:quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas: sin audaces, fit illa factio,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65:si ita sensit, ut loquitur,
id. ib. 3, 21, 32;1, 27, 43: si modo hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse,
id. ib. 2, 12, 24:si modo in philosophiā aliquid profecimus,
id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si quis eorum [p. 1689] (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.:si quid sceleste fecit,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27:si quam opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:si quando regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or miror, to express a reality (cf. a, supra):minime mirum, si ista res adhuc nostrā linguā inlustrata non est,
Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12:quid mirum, si haec invitus amisi?
Tac. A. 12, 37:miraris, si eo tempore matrona dicere potuit, escende?
Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1:minime est mirandum, si vita ejus fuit secura,
Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very often followed by certe, profecto, etc., to express a conclusion, as certain as the unquestionable assumption:quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum, cum, etc., tum profecto fuit,
Cic. Brut. 2, 7:si quisquam fuit umquam remotus ab inani laude, ego profecto is sum,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:etenim si nulla fuit umquam tam imbecillo mulier animo, quae, etc., certe nos, etc.,
id. Fam. 5, 16, 6:si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum profecto, etc.,
id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. with a negative conclusion (v. a fin. supra, and cf. quia, etsi):non, si tibi ante profuit, semper proderit,
Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12:non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 170:neque enim, si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, idcirco Pompeii memoriam amisimus,
id. Deiot. 4, 12:nec, si capitis dolorem facit, inutilis hominibus sol est,
Quint. 5, 10, 82.—Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:(ε).nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant,
Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut,
Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of repeated action:plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat,
whenever, Cic. Sest. 49, 105:si quando nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:si quando suis fortunis forte desperare coeperant,
id. B. G. 3, 12.—Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and:(ζ).alte spectare si voles, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:si jam eminebit foras,
id. ib. 6, 26, 29:si me audietis,
id. ib. 1, 19, 32:si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95:id persequar, si potero, subtilius,
Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. z:nihil (offendet) si modo opus exstabit,
id. ib. 5, 3, 5:si quid te volam, ubi eris?
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si quod aliud oikeion reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.):b.si nostram rem publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem ostendero,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3:tum magis assentiere, si ad majora pervenero,
id. ib. 1, 40, 62:expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris,
id. ib. 1, 35, 55;1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris,
id. Lael. 4, 16:accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc.... quod si tenere et consequi potuero, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so,si potuero,
id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21:si potuerit,
id. Off. 3, 23, 89:si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,
id. Rep. 1, 43, 66:si modo interpretari potuero,
id. Leg. 2, 18, 45:si ne ei caput exoculassitis,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis... Sed si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4:de iis te, si qui me forte locus admonuerit, commonebo,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—With subj.; so in gen. of conditions assumed in statement, but implied not to be actual; the verb in pres. (rarely perf.) implies that the condition is still possible; in the imperf. and pluperf., that it is known to be unreal (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).(α).Pres.:(β).si habeat aurum,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12:abire hinc nullo pacto possim, si velim,
id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so,si velim,
Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17:cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant,
id. ib. 1, 5, 9:si singulos numeremus,
id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48:si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem,
id. Lael. 3, 10:si ad verba rem deflectere velimus,
id. Caecin. 18, 51:si quis varias gentes despicere possit, videat primum, etc.,
id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a wish ( poet. for utinam), usu. with O:O si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc.,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10:O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,
Verg. A. 8, 560;also alone: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto!
would that, yet if, if however, id. ib. 6, 187:si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu Marcellus eris,
id. ib. 6, 882; cf. b, infra.—Imperf.:(γ).qui si unus omnia consequi posset, nihil opus esset pluribus, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52:quae descriptio si esset ignota vobis, explicaretur a me,
id. ib. 2, 22, 39:si ullum probarem simplex rei publicae genus,
id. ib. 2, 23, 43:quod non fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur,
id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch (twice). —Also with O, expressing a wish ( poet.):O si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset,
Verg. A. 11, 415;and without O: si mihi, quae quondam fuerat... si nunc foret illa juventus,
id. ib. 5, 398.—Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.):(δ).perii, si me aspexerit!
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:victus sum, si dixeris,
id. ib. 1, 1, 272:Romani si casu intervenerint,
Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—Pluperf.:c.si aliter accidisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:tum magis id diceres, si nuper in hortis Scipionis affuisses,
id. Lael. 7, 25:mansisset eadem voluntas in eorum posteris, si regum similitudo permansisset,
id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:si id fecisses,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90:si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc.,
id. Lael. 23, 88:si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius remisisset,
id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—Ellipt.(α).With pron. indef:(β).istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit,
id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—In a negation, usu. si minus, si contra (= sin minus, sin aliter):(γ).plures haec tulit una civitas, si minus sapientes, at certe summā laude dignos,
Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7:educ tecum omnes tuos: si minus, quam plurimos,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this sense less freq. si non:utrum cetera nomina digesta habes an non? Si non... si etiam,
id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:si haec civitas est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4:hic venit in judicium, si nihil aliud, saltem ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si nihil aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28:si aliud nihil,
id. 2, 43.—With forte:2.intelleges esse nihil a me nisi orationis acerbitatem et, si forte, raro litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam,
perhaps, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.:vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum,
id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—With quod, and if, but if, if however, if:B.quod si in philosophiā tantum interest... quid tandem in causis existimandum est?
Cic. Or. 16, 51:quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum... tum profecto fuit,
id. Brut. 2, 7:quod si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,
id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:quod si non hic tantus fructus ostenderetur et si ex his studiis delectatio sola peteretur: tamen, etc.,
id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—In partic.1.In subject or object-clauses, si with subj. sometimes takes the place of an inf.:2.apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent,
Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: summa gloria constat ex tribus his;si diligit multitudo, si fidem habet, etc.,
id. Off. 2, 9, 31:unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum auxilium experirentur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5:illud ignoscere aequum erit, si... ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc.,
Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si after mirum est, I. a. fin. supra).—In subst. clauses, to denote a doubtful assumption or future event (cf. quod):3.dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si postero die vindex injuriae ad tempus praesto esset,
Liv. 3, 46:adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si Hannibal et Mago ex Italiā non revocarentur,
id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—Si with a relative takes the place of a relative clause, to express a class the existence or extent of which is doubtful: mortem proposuit, non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt, i. e. if such there were, whether few or many, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9:4.dixit errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent,
Caes. B. G. 7, 29:errat, si quis existimat facilem rem esse donare,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—In syllogistic reasonings:5.si oportet velle sapere, dare operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet autem velle sapere, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65:si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis oriente Caniculā natus est, in mari non morietur, illud quoque verum est: si Fabius oriente Canicula natus est, Fabius in mari non morietur,
id. Fat. 6, 12.—= etiamsi, with foll. tamen, even if, although, albeit (class.):II.quae si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.:quae si causa non esset, tamen, etc.,
id. Mur. 4, 8; and:quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc.,
Sall. J. 85, 48.—Transf., in dependent clauses expressing an interrogation or doubt, it is nearly = num, but forms a looser connection, if, whether, if perchance (class., but very rare in Cic.):B.ibo et visam huc ad eum, si forte est domi,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20:jam sciam, si quid titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro,
Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44:fatis incerta feror, si Juppiter unam Esse velit urbem,
Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52:primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in totidem dies, quot frumentum imposuissent,
Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50:id modo quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest,
id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.:jam dudum exspecto, si tuom officium scias,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.:Pompeius eadem spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset,
id. ib. 3, 75:non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur,
Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398:statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferretur,
id. Fam. 15, 1, 2:Philopoemen quaesivit si Lycortas incolumis evasisset,
Liv. 39, 50:expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,
Val. Fl. 5, 562:Helvetii nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu, si perrumpere possent, conati,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.:temptata res est, si primo impetu capi Ardea posset,
Liv. 1, 57.—With ellipsis of a verb or clause on which the condition depends (cf. I. c. supra): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire ( to see) whether he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:B.L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit,
to see, to try, Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.:circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent,
id. ib. 6, 37:fame et inopiā adductos clam ex castris exisse, si quid frumenti in agris reperire possent,
id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56:pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,
Liv. 1, 7:saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere,
Verg. A. 9, 512:ad Gonnum castra movet, si potiri oppido posset,
Liv. 42, 67, 6: haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ( that he might be ready) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6:milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum opus esset,
id. 27, 28, 5:alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,
id. 26, 9, 9: ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ( that he would attack it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, spes omnis erat,
Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9:consul aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo die hostis fudisset,
id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi [p. 1690] poenae aestimatio, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motus nuntiarentur, relictae, to meet the case, that, to be ready, if, etc., Liv. 6, 22:is in armis tenuit militem, si opus foret auxilio,
id. 5, 8:ut patricios indignatio, si cum his gerendus esset honos, deterreret,
id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—Si... si, for sive... sive, whether... or:si deus si dea es,
Cato, R. R. 139; cf.:hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant,
Gell. 2, 28, 3. -
13 si
sī (orig. and ante-class. form seī), conj. [from a pronominal stem = Gr. he; Sanscr. sva-, self; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional particle, if.I.Prop.a.With indic.; so in gen., in conditions which are assumed to be true, with the verb in pres. or perf.; less freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions which may probably become true, with the verb in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).(α).Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):(β).si vis, dabo tibi testes,
Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58:si voltis,
id. ib. 1, 28, 44:si placet,
id. ib. 2, 44, 71;1, 21, 34: si tuo commodo fleri potest,
id. ib. 1, 9, 14:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
id. ib. 1, 18, 30:si populus plurimum potest,
id. ib. 3, 14, 23:si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest tamen, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35:quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si nec privata domus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?
id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit,
id. Rep. 3, 18, 28:Si quaerimus, cur, etc.,
id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by modo:magnifica quidem res, si modo est ulla,
Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:deliget populus, si modo salvus esse vult, optimum quemque,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:quae (virtus) est una, si modo est, maxime munifica,
id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:si quisquam est facilis, hic est,
id. Att. 14, 1, 2:si ulla res est, quam tibi me petente faciendam putes, haec ea sit,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11:SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae (libertas), si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est,
Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49:id si minus intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest,
id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.:dicito, si quid vis, non nocebo,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235:si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 3:si aliquid dandum est voluptati,
id. Sen. 13, 44;four times repeated,
id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. after mirum est or miror, as expressing reality (= quod or cum; cf. Gr. ei):noli mirari, si hoc non impetras,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:ecquid mirum est, si tam ab amico animo pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus?
id. 8, 7, 14.—With a negative conclusion, to denote that, although the condition is true, or is conceded, a certain inference does not follow: nec, si omne enuntiatum aut verum aut falsum est, sequitur ilico esse causas, etc.,
Cic. Fat. 12, 28:nec. si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur,
id. Phil. 13, 6, 19:si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur praemium qui inprudens profuit,
Quint. 5, 10, 73:nec ideo ignis minus urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis,
Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—Imperf.:(γ).ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43:si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc.,
id. Sest. 1.—Perf.:(δ).SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. talio, p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37:si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 10, 18:quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas: sin audaces, fit illa factio,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65:si ita sensit, ut loquitur,
id. ib. 3, 21, 32;1, 27, 43: si modo hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse,
id. ib. 2, 12, 24:si modo in philosophiā aliquid profecimus,
id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si quis eorum [p. 1689] (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.:si quid sceleste fecit,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27:si quam opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:si quando regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or miror, to express a reality (cf. a, supra):minime mirum, si ista res adhuc nostrā linguā inlustrata non est,
Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12:quid mirum, si haec invitus amisi?
Tac. A. 12, 37:miraris, si eo tempore matrona dicere potuit, escende?
Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1:minime est mirandum, si vita ejus fuit secura,
Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very often followed by certe, profecto, etc., to express a conclusion, as certain as the unquestionable assumption:quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum, cum, etc., tum profecto fuit,
Cic. Brut. 2, 7:si quisquam fuit umquam remotus ab inani laude, ego profecto is sum,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:etenim si nulla fuit umquam tam imbecillo mulier animo, quae, etc., certe nos, etc.,
id. Fam. 5, 16, 6:si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum profecto, etc.,
id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. with a negative conclusion (v. a fin. supra, and cf. quia, etsi):non, si tibi ante profuit, semper proderit,
Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12:non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 170:neque enim, si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, idcirco Pompeii memoriam amisimus,
id. Deiot. 4, 12:nec, si capitis dolorem facit, inutilis hominibus sol est,
Quint. 5, 10, 82.—Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:(ε).nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant,
Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut,
Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of repeated action:plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat,
whenever, Cic. Sest. 49, 105:si quando nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:si quando suis fortunis forte desperare coeperant,
id. B. G. 3, 12.—Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and:(ζ).alte spectare si voles, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:si jam eminebit foras,
id. ib. 6, 26, 29:si me audietis,
id. ib. 1, 19, 32:si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95:id persequar, si potero, subtilius,
Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. z:nihil (offendet) si modo opus exstabit,
id. ib. 5, 3, 5:si quid te volam, ubi eris?
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si quod aliud oikeion reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.):b.si nostram rem publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem ostendero,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3:tum magis assentiere, si ad majora pervenero,
id. ib. 1, 40, 62:expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris,
id. ib. 1, 35, 55;1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris,
id. Lael. 4, 16:accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc.... quod si tenere et consequi potuero, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so,si potuero,
id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21:si potuerit,
id. Off. 3, 23, 89:si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,
id. Rep. 1, 43, 66:si modo interpretari potuero,
id. Leg. 2, 18, 45:si ne ei caput exoculassitis,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis... Sed si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4:de iis te, si qui me forte locus admonuerit, commonebo,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—With subj.; so in gen. of conditions assumed in statement, but implied not to be actual; the verb in pres. (rarely perf.) implies that the condition is still possible; in the imperf. and pluperf., that it is known to be unreal (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).(α).Pres.:(β).si habeat aurum,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12:abire hinc nullo pacto possim, si velim,
id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so,si velim,
Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17:cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant,
id. ib. 1, 5, 9:si singulos numeremus,
id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48:si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem,
id. Lael. 3, 10:si ad verba rem deflectere velimus,
id. Caecin. 18, 51:si quis varias gentes despicere possit, videat primum, etc.,
id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a wish ( poet. for utinam), usu. with O:O si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc.,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10:O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,
Verg. A. 8, 560;also alone: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto!
would that, yet if, if however, id. ib. 6, 187:si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu Marcellus eris,
id. ib. 6, 882; cf. b, infra.—Imperf.:(γ).qui si unus omnia consequi posset, nihil opus esset pluribus, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52:quae descriptio si esset ignota vobis, explicaretur a me,
id. ib. 2, 22, 39:si ullum probarem simplex rei publicae genus,
id. ib. 2, 23, 43:quod non fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur,
id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch (twice). —Also with O, expressing a wish ( poet.):O si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset,
Verg. A. 11, 415;and without O: si mihi, quae quondam fuerat... si nunc foret illa juventus,
id. ib. 5, 398.—Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.):(δ).perii, si me aspexerit!
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:victus sum, si dixeris,
id. ib. 1, 1, 272:Romani si casu intervenerint,
Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—Pluperf.:c.si aliter accidisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:tum magis id diceres, si nuper in hortis Scipionis affuisses,
id. Lael. 7, 25:mansisset eadem voluntas in eorum posteris, si regum similitudo permansisset,
id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:si id fecisses,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90:si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc.,
id. Lael. 23, 88:si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius remisisset,
id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—Ellipt.(α).With pron. indef:(β).istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit,
id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—In a negation, usu. si minus, si contra (= sin minus, sin aliter):(γ).plures haec tulit una civitas, si minus sapientes, at certe summā laude dignos,
Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7:educ tecum omnes tuos: si minus, quam plurimos,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this sense less freq. si non:utrum cetera nomina digesta habes an non? Si non... si etiam,
id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:si haec civitas est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4:hic venit in judicium, si nihil aliud, saltem ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si nihil aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28:si aliud nihil,
id. 2, 43.—With forte:2.intelleges esse nihil a me nisi orationis acerbitatem et, si forte, raro litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam,
perhaps, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.:vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum,
id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—With quod, and if, but if, if however, if:B.quod si in philosophiā tantum interest... quid tandem in causis existimandum est?
Cic. Or. 16, 51:quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum... tum profecto fuit,
id. Brut. 2, 7:quod si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,
id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:quod si non hic tantus fructus ostenderetur et si ex his studiis delectatio sola peteretur: tamen, etc.,
id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—In partic.1.In subject or object-clauses, si with subj. sometimes takes the place of an inf.:2.apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent,
Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: summa gloria constat ex tribus his;si diligit multitudo, si fidem habet, etc.,
id. Off. 2, 9, 31:unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum auxilium experirentur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5:illud ignoscere aequum erit, si... ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc.,
Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si after mirum est, I. a. fin. supra).—In subst. clauses, to denote a doubtful assumption or future event (cf. quod):3.dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si postero die vindex injuriae ad tempus praesto esset,
Liv. 3, 46:adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si Hannibal et Mago ex Italiā non revocarentur,
id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—Si with a relative takes the place of a relative clause, to express a class the existence or extent of which is doubtful: mortem proposuit, non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt, i. e. if such there were, whether few or many, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9:4.dixit errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent,
Caes. B. G. 7, 29:errat, si quis existimat facilem rem esse donare,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—In syllogistic reasonings:5.si oportet velle sapere, dare operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet autem velle sapere, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65:si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis oriente Caniculā natus est, in mari non morietur, illud quoque verum est: si Fabius oriente Canicula natus est, Fabius in mari non morietur,
id. Fat. 6, 12.—= etiamsi, with foll. tamen, even if, although, albeit (class.):II.quae si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.:quae si causa non esset, tamen, etc.,
id. Mur. 4, 8; and:quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc.,
Sall. J. 85, 48.—Transf., in dependent clauses expressing an interrogation or doubt, it is nearly = num, but forms a looser connection, if, whether, if perchance (class., but very rare in Cic.):B.ibo et visam huc ad eum, si forte est domi,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20:jam sciam, si quid titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro,
Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44:fatis incerta feror, si Juppiter unam Esse velit urbem,
Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52:primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in totidem dies, quot frumentum imposuissent,
Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50:id modo quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest,
id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.:jam dudum exspecto, si tuom officium scias,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.:Pompeius eadem spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset,
id. ib. 3, 75:non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur,
Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398:statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferretur,
id. Fam. 15, 1, 2:Philopoemen quaesivit si Lycortas incolumis evasisset,
Liv. 39, 50:expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,
Val. Fl. 5, 562:Helvetii nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu, si perrumpere possent, conati,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.:temptata res est, si primo impetu capi Ardea posset,
Liv. 1, 57.—With ellipsis of a verb or clause on which the condition depends (cf. I. c. supra): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire ( to see) whether he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:B.L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit,
to see, to try, Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.:circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent,
id. ib. 6, 37:fame et inopiā adductos clam ex castris exisse, si quid frumenti in agris reperire possent,
id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56:pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,
Liv. 1, 7:saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere,
Verg. A. 9, 512:ad Gonnum castra movet, si potiri oppido posset,
Liv. 42, 67, 6: haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ( that he might be ready) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6:milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum opus esset,
id. 27, 28, 5:alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,
id. 26, 9, 9: ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ( that he would attack it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, spes omnis erat,
Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9:consul aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo die hostis fudisset,
id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi [p. 1690] poenae aestimatio, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motus nuntiarentur, relictae, to meet the case, that, to be ready, if, etc., Liv. 6, 22:is in armis tenuit militem, si opus foret auxilio,
id. 5, 8:ut patricios indignatio, si cum his gerendus esset honos, deterreret,
id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—Si... si, for sive... sive, whether... or:si deus si dea es,
Cato, R. R. 139; cf.:hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant,
Gell. 2, 28, 3. -
14 ac
atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).I.In joining single words, which is its most common use.A.In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)1.The form atque.a.Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):b.sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):2.Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):B.sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—Esp.a.In a hendiadys:b.utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).(α).Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:(β).Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—With adeo, and that too, and even:(γ).intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—With etiam:(δ).id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—With the dem. pron. hic, is:II.negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—In comparisons.A.Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:B.si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:C.illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;D.once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;E.in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):F.nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:G.amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:III.principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.a.Absol.:b.Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—With potius:IV.Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —In connecting clauses and beginning periods.1.In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:2.atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.a.Absol.:b.maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —Often with etiam:c.Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—Sometimes with quoque:d.Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—3.In narration:4.aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):5.Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—In connecting two acts or events.a.In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;b. (α).ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—Absol.:(β).si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—With ita or sic:c.Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):6.non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:7.Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—In expressing a wish, atque utinam:8.Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.a.Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;b.atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—With tamen:9.nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;10.... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).a.A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:b.Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—A positive purpose:11.Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:b.atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—In introducing parentheses:c.vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:V.Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—In particular connections and phrases.A.Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:B.unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—Etiam atque etiam. again and again:C.temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—D.Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:E.atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:F.Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—With other conjunctions.1.After et:2.equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:3.submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—Before et:4.caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):G.nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:a.In the second place:b.Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—In the third place:quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.) -
15 adque
atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).I.In joining single words, which is its most common use.A.In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)1.The form atque.a.Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):b.sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):2.Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):B.sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—Esp.a.In a hendiadys:b.utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).(α).Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:(β).Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—With adeo, and that too, and even:(γ).intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—With etiam:(δ).id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—With the dem. pron. hic, is:II.negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—In comparisons.A.Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:B.si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:C.illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;D.once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;E.in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):F.nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:G.amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:III.principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.a.Absol.:b.Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—With potius:IV.Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —In connecting clauses and beginning periods.1.In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:2.atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.a.Absol.:b.maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —Often with etiam:c.Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—Sometimes with quoque:d.Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—3.In narration:4.aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):5.Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—In connecting two acts or events.a.In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;b. (α).ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—Absol.:(β).si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—With ita or sic:c.Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):6.non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:7.Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—In expressing a wish, atque utinam:8.Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.a.Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;b.atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—With tamen:9.nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;10.... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).a.A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:b.Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—A positive purpose:11.Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:b.atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—In introducing parentheses:c.vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:V.Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—In particular connections and phrases.A.Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:B.unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—Etiam atque etiam. again and again:C.temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—D.Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:E.atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:F.Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—With other conjunctions.1.After et:2.equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:3.submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—Before et:4.caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):G.nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:a.In the second place:b.Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—In the third place:quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.) -
16 atque
atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).I.In joining single words, which is its most common use.A.In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)1.The form atque.a.Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):b.sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):2.Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):B.sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—Esp.a.In a hendiadys:b.utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).(α).Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:(β).Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—With adeo, and that too, and even:(γ).intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—With etiam:(δ).id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—With the dem. pron. hic, is:II.negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—In comparisons.A.Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:B.si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:C.illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;D.once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;E.in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):F.nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:G.amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:III.principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.a.Absol.:b.Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—With potius:IV.Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —In connecting clauses and beginning periods.1.In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:2.atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.a.Absol.:b.maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —Often with etiam:c.Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—Sometimes with quoque:d.Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—3.In narration:4.aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):5.Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—In connecting two acts or events.a.In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;b. (α).ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—Absol.:(β).si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—With ita or sic:c.Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):6.non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:7.Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—In expressing a wish, atque utinam:8.Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.a.Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;b.atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—With tamen:9.nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;10.... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).a.A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:b.Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—A positive purpose:11.Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:b.atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—In introducing parentheses:c.vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:V.Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—In particular connections and phrases.A.Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:B.unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—Etiam atque etiam. again and again:C.temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—D.Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:E.atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:F.Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—With other conjunctions.1.After et:2.equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:3.submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—Before et:4.caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):G.nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:a.In the second place:b.Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—In the third place:quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.) -
17 censeo
1.cēnseo (on the long e, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 257 sq.), ui, censum (late Lat. censitum, Cod. Just. 11, 47 tit.; 11, 49 tit.; 11, 47, 4 al.; but not in Monum. Ancyr.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 557), 2, v. a. [etym. dub.; often referred to root cas-, whence carmen, camoenus; but prob. from centum, orig. centere, to hundred or number the people; cf. Fischer, Gram. 1, p. 373].I. A.In reference to the census (v. census).1.Of the censor (v. censor).(α).Rarely act. with acc. of the persons or objects assessed or rated; but usu. pass., with subj. -nom.:(β).censores populi aevitates, suboles, familias, pecuniasque censento,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 30:censor ad quojus censionem, id est arbitrium, populus censeretur,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Mull.:census... indicat eum qui sit census se jam tum gessisse pro cive,
Cic. Arch. 5, 11: absentis censere jubere, P. Scipio ap. Gell. 5, 19, 16: ne absens censeare. Cic. Att. 1, 18, 8:sub lustrum censeri,
id. ib.:milia octoginta eo lustro civium censa dicuntur,
Liv. 1, 44, 2:censa civium capita centum septendecim milia trecenta undeviginti,
id. 3, 24, 10; id. Epit. lib. 11; 13; 14:censebantur ejus aetatis lustris ducena quinquagena milia capitum,
id. 9, 19, 2:cum capitum liberorum censa essent CLII. milia,
Plin. 33, 1, 5, § 16: quid se vivere, quid in parte civium censeri, si... id obtinere universi non possint? Liv 7, 18, 5.—With the amount at which the property was rated, in the acc.: or abl.:(γ).praesertim census equestrem Summam nummorum,
being assessed with the estate necessary to a Roman knight, Hor. A. P. 383:primae classis homines quicentum et viginti quinque milia aeris ampliusve censi erant... Ceterarumque omnium classium qui minore summa aeris censebantur,
Gell. 7 (6), 13, 1 sq.—Hence, capite censi, those who were assessed ac cording to their ability to labor: qui nullo [p. 312] aut perquam parvo aere censebantur capite censi vocabantur. Extremus autem census capite censorum aeris fuit trecentis septuaginta quinque, Jul. Paul. ap. Gell. 16, 10, 10; Sall. J. 86, 2; Gell. 16, 10, 11; 16, 10, 14; Val. Max. 2, 3, 1; 7, 6, 1;and in the finite verb: omnia illius (i. e. sapientis) esse dicimus, cum... capite censebitur,
Sen. Ben. 7, 8, 1. —Absol. in gerund.: censendi, censendo, ad censendum = census agendi, censui agendo, etc.: haec frequentia quae convenit ludorum censendique causa (i.e. census agendi causa, for the sake of the census), Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54:(δ).mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem operosam... suo proprio magistratu egere... cui arbitrium formulae censendi subiceretur,
the scheme for taking the census, Liv. 4, 8, 4:quia is censendo finis factus est,
id. 1, 44, 2:civis Romanos ad censendum ex provinciis in Italiam revocarunt,
Vell. 2, 15:aetatem in censendo significare necesse est... aetas autem spectatur censendi tempore,
Dig. 50, 15, 3.—Censum censere = censum agere, only in the gerundial dat.:2.illud quaero, sintne illa praedia censui censendo, habeant jus civile,
are they subject to the census, Cic. Fl. 32, 80: censores... edixerunt, legem censui censendo dicturos esse ut, etc., that he would add a rule for the taking of the census, according to which, etc., Liv. 43, 14, 5: censui censendo agri proprie appellantur qui et emi et venire jure civili possunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 5 Mull.—Of the assessment of the provinces under provincial officers (censores, and, under the later emperors, censitores).(α).Pass., with the territory as subject-nom.: quinto quoque anno Sicilia tota censetur;(β).erat censa praetore Paeducaeo... quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset, censa denuo est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139:omne territorium censeatur quoties, etc.,
Cod. Just. 11, 58 (57), 4.—The persons assessed as subject:(γ).ubi (coloni) censiti atque educati natique sunt,
Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 6:quos in locis eisdem censitos esse constabit,
ib. 11, 48 (47), 4.—With part. as attribute:rusticos censitosque servos vendi,
Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7.—To determine by the census:(δ).cum antea per singulos viros, per binas vero mulieres capitis norma sit censa,
Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 10:nisi forte privilegio aliquo materna origo censeatur,
Dig. 50, 1, 1, § 2.—Act. with acc.:3. (α).vos terras vestras levari censitione vultis, ego vero etiam aerem vestrum censere vellem,
Spart. Pescen. Nig. 7.—Act. with acc.:(β).in qua tribu ista praedia censuisti?
Cic. Fl. 32, 80.—Censeri, as dep. with acc.:4.census es praeterea numeratae pecuniae CXXX. Census es mancipia Amyntae... Cum te audisset servos suos esse censum, constabat inter omnes, si aliena censendo Decianus sua facere posset, etc.,
Cic. Fl. 32, 80; cf. Ov. P. 1, 2, 140; v. B. 2. c.—Hence, subst.: cēnsum, i, n.: quorum luxuries fortunata censa peperit, i.e. high estimates of property in the census, Cic. ap. Non. 202, 23 (Fragm. vol. xi. p. 134 B. and K.).B. 1.By a figure directly referring to the Roman census: aequo mendicus atque ille opulentissimus Censetur censu ad Acheruntem mortuus, will be rated by an equal census, i.e. in the same class, without considering their property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 93: vos qui potestis ope vostra censerier, referring to a part of the audience, you, who may be rated according to your intelligence, analog. to capite censi (v. I. A. 1. b), id. Capt. prol. 15:2.nam argumentum hoc hic censebitur,
will be rated, its census-class will be determined here, id. Poen. prol. 56: id in quoque optimum esse debet cui nascitur, quo censetur, according to which he is rated, i.e. his worth is determined, Sen. Ep. 76, 8.—And with two acc.: quintus Phosphorus, Junonia, immo Veneris stella censetur, is ranked as the fifth, App. de Mundo, p. 710.—With direct reference to the census.a. (α).With gen. of price:(β).dic ergo quanti censes?
Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 8.—In the pass.: si censenda nobis atque aestimanda res sit, utrum tandem pluris aestimemus pecuniam Pyrrhi? etc., if we have to weigh and estimate a thing, etc., Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48:b.anule... In quo censendum nil nisi dantis amor,
Ov. Am. 2, 15, 2:interim autem facta sola censenda dicit atque in judicium vocanda,
Gell. 7 (6), 3, 47.—= honorari, celebrari, with de aliquo, = for the sake of somebody (in Ovid):c.pro quibus ut maneat, de quo censeris, amicus, Comprecor, etc.,
the friend for the sake of whom you are celebrated, who is the cause of your renown, Ov. P. 2, 5, 73:hoc domui debes de qua censeris,
id. ib. 3, 1, 75.—Censeri, dep., = to distinguish, with acc. only once or twice in Ovid (v. I. A. 3. b):d.hanc semper... Est inter comites Marcia censa suas,
has always distinguished her, Ov. P. 1, 2, 140.—Censeri aliqua re.(α).= to be appreciated, distinguished, celebrated for some quality, as if the quality were a standard determining the census, analog. to capite censeri (v. I. A. 1. b), very freq. in post-class. writings:(β).Democritus cum divitiis censeri posset,
when he might have been celebrated for his wealth, Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 4:Aristides quo totius Graeciae justitia censetur (quo = cujus justitia),
id. 5, 3, ext. 3 med.: te custode matronalis stola censetur ( = tua, i.e. pudicitiae, custodia), the stola, etc., is appreciated for thy custody, id. 6, 1 prooem.:una adhuc victoria Carius Metius censebatur,
Tac. Agr. 45:ut ipsi quoque qui egerunt non aliis magis orationibus censeantur,
id. Dial. 39 fin.: non vitibus tantum censeri Chium, sed et operibus Anthermi filiorum, is celebrated not only for its grapes, but, etc., Plin. 36, 5, 2, § 12:et Galliae censentur hoc reditu,
id. 19, 1, 2, § 7:quisquis paulo vetustior miles, hic te commilitone censetur,
is distinguished for the fact that you were his fellow-soldier, Plin. Pan. 15 fin.:multiplici variaque doctrina censebatur,
Suet. Gram. 10:felix quae tali censetur munere tellus,
Mart. 9, 16, 5: censetur Apona Livio suo tellus, = for the fact that Livy was born there, id. 1, 61, 3:hi duo longaevo censentur Nestore fundi,
for the fact that Nestor used them, id. 8, 6, 9:nec laude virorum censeri contenta fuit (Iberia),
Claud. Laud. Seren. 67:libri mei non alia laude carius censentur, quam quod judicio vestro comprobantur,
App. Flor. 4, 18, 3.—Hence,= to be known by something (Appuleian):(γ).hoc nomine censebatur jam meus dominus,
App. M. 8, p. 171:nomen quo tu censeris aiebat,
id. ib. 5, p. 106: pro studio bibendi quo solo censetur, either known by, or distinguished for, id. Mag. p. 499:globorum caelestium supremum esse eum qui inerrabili meatu censetur,
which is known by its unerring course, id. Phil. Nat. 1, p. 582.— And,As gram. t. t., to be marked by some peculiarity, according to which a word is classified: neque de armis et moeniis infitias eo quin figura multitudinis perpetua censeantur, that they are marked by the form of constant plurality, i. e. that they are pluralia tantum, Gell. 19, 8, 5; 10, 20, 8; 19, 13, 3.II.Of transactions in and by the Senate, to judge (in the meanings II. and III. the passive voice is not in class. use, while in I. the passive voice is by far the most freq.).A.To be of opinion, to propose, to vote, to move, referring to the votes of the senators when asked for their opinions (sententiam dicere).1.With a (passive) inf.-clause, denoting what should be decreed by the Senate (esse usu. omitted): rex his ferme verbis patres consulebat... Dic, inquit ei, quid censes? tum ille Puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo, I am of the opinion ( I move, propose) that satisfaction should be sought, etc., ancient formula ap. Liv. 1, 32, 11 sq.:2.primum igitur acta Caesaris servanda censeo,
Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16:hoc autem tempore ita censeo decernendum,
id. ib. 5, 17, 45; 5, 6, 16; 5, 12, 31; 5, 12, 34; 5, 13, 36; 5, 14, 38; 5, 19, 53; 6, 1, 2; 9, 6, 14; 11, 15, 40; 12, 7, 17; 14, 1, 1; 14, 13, 35; cf.Regulus's advice in the Senate, being represented as a vote: captivos in senatu reddendos non censuit,
Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; 3, 31, 111:quare ita ego censeo... de confessis more majorum supplicium sumendum,
Sall. C. 52, 36; 51, 8; 52, 14:Appius imperio consulari rem agendam censebat,
Liv. 2, 23, 15:ut multi (senatores) delendam urbem censerent,
id. 9, 26, 3; 2, 29, 7; 3, 40, 13; 10, 12, 1; 34, 4, 20; 38, 54, 6: cum ejus diei senatus consulta aureis litteris figenda in curia censuisset, Tac. A. 3, 57:ut nonnulli dedendum eum hostibus censuerint,
Suet. Caes. 24; so id. ib. 14; id. Aug. 100; id. Tib. 4; id. Calig. 60; id. Claud. 26; id. Ner. 2; id. Vesp. 2. Of the emperor's vote in the Senate:commutandam censuit vocem, et pro peregrina nostratem requirendam,
Suet. Tib. 71; so id. ib. 34; id. Aug. 55.—And with the copula expressed (very rare):qui censet eos... morte esse multandos,
Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7.—Sometimes referring to sententia as subject:sententia quae censebat reddenda bona (inst. of eorum qui censebant),
Liv. 2, 4, 3.—Sometimes with oportere for the gerundial predic. inf.:quibusdam censentibus (eum) Romulum appellari oportere,
Suet. Aug. 7.—With pres. inf., inst. of a gerundial:hac corona civica L. Gellius in senatu Ciceronem consulem donari a re publica censuit,
Gell. 5, 6, 15 (cf. II. B. 1. b.).—If the opinion of the senator does not refer to the chief question, but to incidental points, the predic. inf. may have any form:eas leges quas M. Antonius tulisse dicitur omnes censeo per vim et contra auspicia latas, eisque legibus populum non teneri,
Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 10:cum magna pars senatus... cum tyrannis bellum gerendum fuisse censerent... et urbem recipi, non capi, etc.,
Liv. 26, 32, 2.—With ut, and negatively, ut ne or ne, generally when the clause has an active predicate, but also with passives instead of the gerundial inf.-clause:3.de ea re ita censeo uti consules designati dent operam uti senatus Kal. Jan. tuto haberi possit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 37:censeo ut iis qui in exercitu Antonii sunt, ne sit ea res fraudi, si, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 12, 34:censebant omnes fere (senatores) ut in Italia supplementum meis et Bibuli legionibus scriberetur,
id. Fam. 3, 3, 1:Cn. Pompeius (in senatu) dixit, sese... censere ut ad senatus auctoritatem populi quoque Romani beneficium erga me adjungeretur,
id. Sest. 34, 74:quas ob res ita censeo: eorum qui cum M. Antonio sunt, etc.... iis fraudi ne sit quod cum M. Antonio fuerint,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:Calidius, qui censebat ut Pompeius in suas provincias proficisceretur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 2:censuerunt quidam (senatores) ut Pannonicus, alii ut Invictus cognominaretur,
Suet. Tib. 17:iterum censente ut Trebianis... concederetur (of the emperor's vote in the Senate),
id. ib. 31.—And an inf.-clause, with neu or ut:sed ita censeo: publicandas eorum pecunias, etc.: neu quis postea de his ad senatum referat, etc.,
Sall. C. 51, 43:qui partem bonorum publicandam, pars ut liberis relinqueretur, censuerat,
Tac. A. 4, 20.—With a subj.-clause, without ut (rare in this connection;4.v. III. C. 3.): K. Fabius censuit... occuparent patres ipsi suum munus facere, captivum agrum plebi quam maxime aequaliter darent,
Liv. 2, 48, 2.— And ironically with regard to incidental points: vereamini censeo ne... nimis aliquid severe statuisse videamini, I propose you should be afraid of having decreed too severe a punishment = of course, you will not be afraid, etc., Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13: misereamini censeo—deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem—atque etiam armatos dimittatis, I propose that you pity them, etc., or I advise you to be merciful, Sall. C. 52, 26.—Ellipt., with a gerundial clause understood:5. (α).dic quid censes (i. e. decernendum),
Liv. 1, 32, 11: quod ego mea sententia censebam (i.e. decernendum), Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2:senati decretum fit, sicut ille censuerat,
Sall. C. 53, 1:quas ob res ita censeo... senatui placere, etc. ( = ita decernendum censeo, etc.),
Cic. Phil. 9, 7, 15, § 17 sq.; 10, 11, 25 sq.; 11, 12, 29 sq.; 14, 14, 36 sq.—Absol.: Priscus Helvidius.. contra studium ejus (sc. Vitellii) censuerat, had voted, or had expressed an opinion against his wishes, Tac. H. 2, 91:(β).cum parum sit, in senatu breviter censere, nisi, etc.,
id. Dial. 36 fin.:sententias... prout libuisset perrogabat... ac si censendum magis quam adsentiendum esset,
Suet. Aug. 35:igitur Cn. Piso, quo, inquit, loco censebis, Caesar? si primus, etc.,
Tac. A. 1, 74.—With adjectives in the neuter, substantively used: nec quoquam reperto (in senatu) qui... referre aut censere aliquid auderet, who dared to express an opinion on any [p. 313] thing, Suet. Caes. 20:(γ).per dissensionem diversa censentium,
of the senators who expressed different opinions, id. Claud. 10.—With interrog. or rel.-clause:B.deinde ageret senatorem et censeret quid corrigi aut mutari vellet,
Tac. A. 16, 28:cum censeat aliquis (in senatu) quod ex parte mihi placeat,
Sen. Ep. 21, 9.Of the decrees or resolutions of the Senate, = decernere, placere, to resolve, decree.1.With inf.-clause.a.With gerund, without copula (v. II. A. 1.):b.eum, cujus supplicio senatus sollennes religiones expiandas saepe censuit,
Cic. Mil. 27, 73:eos senatus non censuit redimendos,
id. Off. 3, 32, 114; so id. N. D. 2, 4, 10; id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15:senatus Caelium ab republica removendum censuit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 21:senatus censuit frequens coloniam Labicos deducendam,
Liv. 4, 47, 6; 5, 24, 4:cum bello persequendos Tusculanos patres censuissent,
id. 6, 25, 5; 3, 42, 6; 3, 49, 8; 7, 19, 7 et saep.—With pres. inf. pass. or act., with the force of a gerundial:2.de bonis regiis quae reddi antea censuerant ( = reddenda),
Liv. 2, 5, 1:munera mitti legatis ex binis milibus aeris censuerunt (i.e. patres),
id. 43, 5, 8; so id. 45, 44, 15 (v. 2. b.):eundem jus dicere Romae... patres censuerant,
id. 45, 12, 13:cum senatus unum consulem, nominatimque Gnaeum Pompeium fieri censuisset,
Suet. Caes. 26.—With both act. and pass. inf.:censuere patres, duas provincias Hispaniam rursus fieri... et Macedoniam Illyricumque eosdem... obtinere,
Liv. 45, 16, 1.—With both pres. pass. and gerund. inff.:haec ita movere senatum, ut non expectanda comitia consuli censerent, sed dictatorem... dici,
Liv. 27, 5, 14.—And with velle: senatus verbis nuntient, velle et censere eos ab armis discedere, etc.,
Sall. J. 21, 4.—With ut or ne.a.In the words of the Senate, according to formula: quod L. Opimius verba fecit de re publica, de ea re ita censuerunt uti L. Opimius consul rem publicam defenderet, etc., ancient S. C. ap. Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 14: quod, etc., de ea re ita censuerunt ut M. Pomponius praetor animadverteret curaretque ut si, etc., S. C. ap. Suet. Rhet. 1; Gell. 15, 4, 1.—And with gerundial inf.-clause: quod C. Julius pontifex... de ea re ita censuerunt, uti M. Antonius consul hostiis majoribus... procuraret... Ibus uti procurasset satis habendum censuerunt, S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2.—b.As related by the historians, etc.:3.quoniam senatus censuisset, uti quicunque Galliam provinciam obtineret... Aeduos defenderet,
Caes. B. G. 1, 35:patres censuerunt uti consules provincias inter se compararent,
Liv. 30, 40, 12:senatus censuit ut domus ei... publica impensa restitueretur,
Suet. Claud. 6;so with reference to the civil law,
Dig. 49, 14, 15 quater. —With ne:senatum censuisse, ne quis illo anno genitus educaretur,
Suet. Aug. 94.—And with inf -clause:filio regis Nicomedi ex ea summa munera dari censuerunt, et ut victimae... praeberentur,
Liv. 45, 44, 15.—With a subj.-clause (very rare):4.senatus consulto quo censeretur, darent operam consules, etc.,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 73, 10.—With neutr. acc. pron. in place of a clause:5.cum vero id senatus frequens censuisset (sc. faciendum),
Cic. Pis. 8, 18:ite in suffragium, et quae patres censuerunt vos jubete,
Liv. 31, 7, 14:quodcunque vos censueritis,
id. 34, 7, 15:quodpatres censuissent,
id. 28, 45, 2.—With accusative of a noun, or a noun as passive subject, to decree or vote a thing (postclass.):6.nec tamen repertum nisi ut effigies principum, aras deum, templa et arcus aliaque solita... censuere,
Tac. A. 3, 57:aram Clementiae, aram Amicitiae, effigiesque... censuere,
id. ib. 4, 74: cum censeretur clipeus auro et magnitudine insignis inter auctores eloquentiae ( to be placed among, etc.), id. ib. 2, 83.—With both acc. and dat.(α).The dat. = against:(β).bellum Samnitibus et patres censuerunt et populus jussit,
Liv. 10, 12, 3.—The dat. = in behalf of:III.censentur Ostorio triumphi insignia,
Tac. A. 12, 38.—And with ut:sententiis eorum qui supplicationes et... vestem Principi triumphalem, utque ovans urbem iniret, effigiesque ejus... censuere,
id. ib. 13, 8.Transf.A.Of the opinions and resolutions of other deliberating bodies, or of their members, to resolve, or to be of opinion.1.With inf.-clause.a.Gerundial:b.erant qui censerent de tertia vigilia in castra Cornelia recedendum (council of war),
Caes. B. C. 2, 30:erant sententiae quae conandum omnibus modis castraque Vari oppugnanda censerent,
id. ib.; so id. ib. 2, 31; id. B. G. 2, 31 fin.; 7, 21; 7, 77:pontifices, consules, patres conscripti mihi... pecunia publica aedificandam domum censuerunt,
Cic. Pis. 22, 52: nunc surgendum censeo, I move we adjourn (in a literary meeting), id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:cum... pontifices solvendum religione populum censerent,
Liv. 5, 23, 9:nunc has ruinas relinquendas non censerem (in an assembly of the people),
id. 5, 53, 3:ego ita censeo, legatos extemplo Romam mittendos (in the Carthaginian Senate),
id. 21, 10, 13:ante omnia Philippum et Macedonas in societatem belli... censeo deducendos esse (Hannibal in a council of war),
id. 36, 7, 3; 5, 36, 8; Curt. 10, 6, 22; 10, 8, 12:cum septem judices cognovissent, duo censuerunt, reum exilio multandum, duo alii pecunia, tres reliqui capite puniendum,
Gell. 9, 15, 7.—And with oportere inst. of a gerundial clause (referring to duty):neque sine gravi causa eum locum quem ceperant, dimitti censuerant oportere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 44.—With opus esse ( = expediency):Parmenio furto, non proelio opus esse censebat,
Curt. 10, 8, 12.—With ordinary pres. inf.(α).In place of a gerundial:(β).Antenor censet belli praecidere = praecidendam causam (in a council of war),
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 9.—Denoting opinion about an existing state:2.Hasdrubal ultimam Hispaniae oram... ignaram adhuc Romanorum esse, eoque Carthaginiensibus satis fidam censebat,
Liv. 27, 20, 6:Parmenio non alium locum proelio aptiorem esse censebat,
Curt. 3, 7, 8.—With ut or ne:3.censeo ut satis diu te putes requiesse et iter reliquum conficere pergas (in a literary meeting),
Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290:plerique censebant ut noctu iter facerent (council of war),
Caes. B. C. 1, 67:et nunc magnopere censere, ut unam anum... triginta milibus talentum auri permutet (council of war),
Curt. 4, 11, 12:censeout D. Claudius ex hac die deus fiat (council of the gods),
Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 9, 5: antiquos audio censuisse, ne (praenomina) cui ejusdem gentis patricio inderentur, resolved (family council), Gell. 9, 2, 11 (cf. Liv. 6, 20, 14).—With subj.-clause:4.nunc quoque arcessas censeo omnes navalis terrestrisque copias (Hannibal in council of war),
Liv. 36, 7, 17: censeo relinquamus nebulonem hunc, eamus hinc protinus Jovi Optimo Maximo gratulatum (assembly of the people), Scipio Afric. ap. Gell. 4, 18, 3.—With acc. neutr. of a pron. or adj. substantively used:5.ego pro sententia mea hoc censeo: quandoquidem, etc.,
Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 11, 4:nec dubitavere quin vera censeret,
that his opinion was correct, Curt. 10, 6, 18.—Ellipt.:B.sententiis quarum pars deditionem, pars eruptionem censebat (i.e. faciendam),
Caes. B. G. 7, 77 init.:ita uti censuerant Italici deditionem facit,
Sall. J. 26, 2; so Caes. B. G. 7, 75.Of the orders of persons in authority (cf. II. B.).1.Of commanders, etc., by courtesy, inst. of velle, imperare, or a direct imperative sentence.(α).With gerundial inf. - clause: non tam imperavi quam censui sumptus legatis quam maxime ad legem Corneliam decernendos, I said, not strictly as an order, but as an opinion that, etc. (Cicero as proconsul), Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.—(β).With subj.-clause: arma quae ad me missuri eratis, iis censeo armetis milites quos vobiscum habetis, you had better, etc., Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 4. —2.Of an order by the people (rare;3.gen. populus jubet): ita id (foedus) ratum fore si populus censuisset (i. e. confirmandum esse),
Liv. 21, 19, 3.—Of the later emperors, in their ordinances (censemus = placet nobis, sancimus, imperamus, from the custom of the earlier emperors, who conveyed their commands in the form of an opinion in the senate; v. II. A. 1.).—With inf.clause, ut, ne, and subj.-clause:C.sex mensium spatium censemus debere servari,
Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7:censemus ut, etc.,
ib. 12, 37 (38), 13:censemus ne, etc.,
ib. 12, 44 (45), 1: censemus vindicet, remaneat, ib. 11, 48 (47), 23:in commune jubes si quid censesve tenendum, Primus jussa subi,
Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 296.Of advice, given by one person to another (further development of III. A.).1.Ante-class. formula: faciundum censeo = I advise, with ut-clause, with quid, sic, etc.: censeo faciundum ut quadringentos aliquos milites ad verrucam illam ire jubeas, etc., I advise you to order, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 6:2.ego Tiresiam... consulam, Quid faciundum censeat,
consult Tiresias as to what he advises, for his advice, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 80:consulam hanc rem amicos quid faciundum censeant,
id. Men. 4, 3, 26; id. Most. 3, 1, 23:sic faciundum censeo: Da isti cistellam, etc.,
id. Cist. 4, 2, 104:ego sic faciundum censeo: me honestiu'st Quam te, etc.,
id. As. 4, 2, 11; id. Ep. 2, 2, 91:sane faciundum censeo,
id. Stich. 4, 2, 38.—With ordinary gerundial inf.-clauses:3.narrandum ego istuc militi censebo,
I advise you to let the soldier know that, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 42:exorando sumendam operam censeo,
id. Stich. 1, 2, 22:quid nunc consili captandum censes?
id. As. 2, 2, 91; id. Mil. 5, 25; id. Most. 1, 3, 115:idem tibi censeo faciendum,
Cic. Off. 10, 1, 3:quos quidem tibi studiose et diligenter tractandos magno opere censeo,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 79; id. Fam. 12, 28, 2.—Sometimes by aequum censere with an inf.-clause (in the comic poets):amicos consulam quo me modo Suspendere aequom censeant potissumum,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 50: qui homo cum animo... depugnat suo, Utrum ita se esse mavelit ut eum animus aequom censeat, An ita potius ut parentes... velint i. e. as his mind prompts him, id. Trin. 2, 2, 29; cf. E. 1. b. 8.—With a subj.clause (so esp. with censeo in 1 st pers.): censen' hominem interrogem? do you advise me to ask the man? etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 20:4.tu, si videbitur, ita censeo facias ut... supersedeas hoc labore itineris (cf.: faciundum censeo ut, 1. supra),
Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 4:immo plane, inquam, Brute, legas (Gracchum) censeo,
id. Brut. 33, 125:tu, si forte quid erit molestiae te ad Crassum et Calidium conferas censeo,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7:tu, censeo, tamen adhibeas Vettium,
id. Att. 2, 4, 7:quae disputari de amicitia possunt, ab iis censeo petatis qui ista profitentur,
id. Lael. 5, 17: tu, censeo, Luceriam venias: nusquam eris tutius, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 1, 1; 8, 11, A:censeo Via Appia iter facias, et celeriter Brundusium venias,
id. ib. 8, 11, C: ad Caesarem mittas censeo, et ab eo hoc petas, Anton. ib. 10, 10, 2: sed hos tamen numeros censeo videas hodou parergon, Gell. 17, 20, 5:quam scit uterque, libens censebo exerceat artem,
Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44 (cf. Liv. 36, 7, 17, and Gell. 4, 18, 3, quoted III. A. 3.).—Of an advice given to an adversary, with irony:cetera si qua putes te occultius facere posse... magnopere censeo desistas,
I strongly advise you to give up that idea, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 174:sed tu, Acci, consideres censeo diligenter, utrum censorum judicium grave esse velis an Egnatii,
id. Clu. 48, 135:postulant ut excipiantur haec inexplicabilia. Tribunum censeant: aliquem adeant: a me... numquam impetrabunt,
id. Ac. 2, 30, 97:ibi quaeratis socios censeo, ubi Saguntina clades ignota est,
Liv. 21, 19, 10:solvas censeo, Sexte, creditori,
Mart. 2, 13, 2.—And in jest:Treviros vites censeo, audio capitalis esse,
Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:hi Plebei fuerunt, quos contemnas censeo... qua re ad patres censeo revertare,
id. ib. 9, 21, 3:vites censeo porticum Philippi: si te viderit Hercules, peristi,
Mart. 5, 49, 13; so id. ib. 11, 99, 8; 12, 61, 7.—For ironical senatorial advice, by which the contrary is meant, v. Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Sall. C. 52, 26, quoted II. A. 3.—With an ut-clause (with monere;5.very rare): illud tamen vel tu me monuisse vel censuisse puta... ut tu quoque animum inducas, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 4, 8, 2.—With a clause understood: quo me vortam nescio: Pa. Si deos salutas, dextrovorsum censeo (i.e. id facias or faciundum censeo), Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 70: quo redeam? Pe. Equidem ad phrygionem censeo (i. e. redeas), id. Men. 4, 2, 53:D.quid nunc censes, Chrysale? (i. e. faciundum),
id. Bacch. 4, 8, 112:ita faciam ut frater censuit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 11:tibi igitur hoc censeo (i. e. faciendum): latendum tantisper ibidem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 4: tu [p. 314] potes Kalendis spectare gladiatores, et ita censeo, id. ib. 16, 20:quid censes igitur? Ecquidnam est tui consilii ad? etc.,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: quid igitur censet (sapientia)? What is wisdom ' s advice? id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:scribi quid placeat, quid censeas,
id. Att. 9, 19,4:ibitur igitur, et ita quidem ut censes,
id. ib. 10, 15, 3:disce, docendus adhuc, quae censet amiculus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 3.Of opinions and views on general questions, to be of opinion, think, believe, hold (cf.: statuo, existimo, puto, aio, dico; freq. in class. prose; very rare in post-class. writers except Gellius; never with ut, ne, or subj.-clause).1.With inf.-clause:2.Plato mundum esse factum censet a deo sempiternum,
Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:Cyrenaici non omni malo aegritudinem effici censent, sed insperato,
id. Tusc. 3, 13, 28:(Hieronymus) censet summum bonum esse sine ulla molestia vivere,
id. Fin. 2, 5, 16:Aristoteles eos qui valetudinis causa furerent, censebat habere aliquid in animis praesagiens,
id. Div. 1, 38, 81:Pythagoras censuit animum esse per naturam rerum omnem intentum et commeantem,
id. ib. 1, 11, 27; so id. Ac. 1, 11, 40; 2, 42, 131; id. Fin. 1, 6, 20; 3, 15, 49; 3, 19, 64; 3, 21, 70; 4, 7, 17; 5, 7, 17; id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; 1, 2, 4; 1, 12, 29; 1, 13, 35 and 37; 1, 43, 120; 1, 44, 121; 2, 22, 57; 2, 16, 44; id. Sen. 12, 41; id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 10, 22; 1, 30, 72; 1, 45, 108; 3, 5, 11; 3, 22, 52; 4, 7, 14; id. Off. 1, 25, 88:Plato in civitate communis esse mulieres censuit,
Gell. 18, 2, 8; 14, 5, 2; 18, 1, 4; 19, 12, 6.—If the opinion refers to what should be observed, oportere or debere is used, or a gerundial predicate with esse (so in Cic., but in Gell. 7, 15, 3, without esse):oportere delubra esse in urbibus censeo,
Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 26:M. Varro aeditumum dici oportere censet,
Gell. 12, 10, 4; 14, 5, 2;so with debere,
id. 17, 5, 5; 13, 8, 4:Cyrenaici... virtutem censuerunt ob eam rem esse laudandam,
Cic. Off. 3, 33, 116:(Ennius) non censet lugendam esse mortem quam immortalitas consequatur,
id. Sen. 20, 73.—An inf.-clause understood:3.(dissensio est), a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur initium. Ego enim ab ultimis censeo (i. e. exordiendum esse),
Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:si, Mimnermus uti censet, sine amore jocisque Nil est jucundum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 65:sic enim censuit,
Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117.—With neutr. acc. of a pron.: hoc amplius censeo, in addition to the opinions mentioned I hold, etc., Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2:4.nullo (medico) idem censente,
Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—With a rel.-clause:5.Aesopus quae utilia... erant, non severe neque imperiose praecepit et censuit,
he imparted his teachings and views, Gell. 2, 29, 1.—Absol.:E.non adligo me ad unum aliquem ex Stoicis proceribus. Est et mihi censendi jus,
the right to impart my opinions, Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2.In gen., = arbitror, puto, existimo, judico (cf.: idem enim valet censere et arbitrari, Varr. ap. Non. p. 519, 29: censere nunc significat putare, nunc suadere, nunc decernere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 54, 11 Mull.).1.To judge, think, believe, suppose (freq. in ante-class. writings; very rare in Cic. except in the particular meanings, a.—ironically—and d.; always with inf.-clause expressed or understood).a.In gen.:b.atque ego censui abs te posse hoc me impetrare,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 12 sq.:satis jam delusam censeo: rem, ut est, nunc eloquamur,
id. As. 3, 3, 141:nam si honeste censeam te facere posse, suadeam,
id. Mil. 4, 8, 60:neque ego hac noctem longiorem me vidisse censeo,
id. Am. 1, 1, 126:saluti quod tibi esse censeo,
id. Merc. 1, 35; so id. Am. 4, 3, 2; id. Most. 1, 3, 127; id. Pers. 1, 1, 9; 2, 2, 8; 2, 3, 75 sq.; id. Truc. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 2, 2, 33; id. Aul. 2, 4, 30; 2, 4, 36; id. Cas. 2, 8, 38; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 53; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 13: aut domino, cujum id censebis esse, reddes, Cincius, Re Mil. l. iii., de ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:eo namque omnem belli molem inclinaturam censebant (consules),
Liv. 7, 32, 3:nec facturum aequa Samnitium populum censebant, si... oppugnarent,
id. 7, 31, 7:quaeso ut ea quae dicam non a militibus imperatori dicta censeas,
id. 7, 13, 8:at illa purgare se, quod quae utilia esse censebat... suasisset,
Curt. 8, 3, 7: Alexander, tam memorabili victoria laetus, qua sibi Orientis fines apertos esse censebat, id. 9, 1, 1; so id. 10, 8, 22.—With reference to an erroneous opinion, to imagine, suppose, falsely believe:c.censebam me effugisse a vita marituma Ne navigarem, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 108:omnes eum (sc. Jovem) esse (Amphitruonem) censent servi,
id. Am. prol. 122, 134:jam hic ero, quom illic censebis esse me,
id. ib. 3, 3, 14:ardere censui aedes,
id. ib. 5, 1, 15:ego hunc censebam esse te,
id. Men. 5, 9, 13; so id. As. 5, 2, 20; id. Aul. 3, 5, 55; id. Bacch. 1, 2, 14; id. Men. 3, 3, 32; 5, 9, 76; id. Merc. 1, 2, 87; id. Poen. 1, 1, 54; 3, 1, 60; 3, 4, 25; id. Rud. 2, 4, 31; 4, 7, 35; id. Stich. 4, 2, 24; id. Truc. 1, 1, 72 et saep.: censuit se regem Porsenam occidere, Cass. Hem. ap. Non. p. 4, 88:non ipsa saxa magis sensu omni vacabant quam ille... cui se hic cruciatum censet optare,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107.—And ironically:nisi forte Diagoram aut Theodorum... censes superstitiosos fuisse,
Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 117:nisi forte etiam illi Semproniano senatus consulto me censes adfuisse, qui ne Romae quidem fui,
id. Fam. 12, 29, 2:neminem me fortiorem esse censebam,
Curt. 8, 14, 42.—Referring to what should take place.(α).With gerundial inf.-clause:(β).navis praedatoria, Abs qua cavendum nobis sane censeo,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 70:soli gerundum censeo morem,
id. Most. 1, 3, 69:neque vendundam censeo Quae libera est,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 39; so id. Eun. 4, 4, 53; 5, 8, 42; id. Hec. 4, 4, 94; id. Phorm. 2, 4, 17:ceterum ei qui consilium adferret opem quoque in eam rem adferendam censebant esse,
Liv. 25, 11, 14.—With oportere, debere, or an ordinary inf.-clause:(γ).solam illi me soli censeo esse oportere obedientem,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 47:quibus declaraveram, quo te animo censerem esse oportere, et quid tibi faciendum arbitrarer,
Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1:rursus interrogatus quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret,
Curt. 8, 14, 43: impudens postulatio visa est, censere... ipsos id (bellum) advertere in se, agrosque suos pro alienis populandos obicere, to entertain the idea that they should direct that war against themselves and their own lands, etc., Liv. 21, 20, 4:munere eum fungi prioris censet amici = eum fungi oportere,
Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:quae nos quoque sustinere censebat,
App. M. 11, p. 253.—By aequum censere with ordinary inf.clause, expressed or understood, either = it is fair ( right) to do something, or something ought or should be done (so very freq. in the comic poets and Livy; rare in other writers): non ego istunc me potius quam te metuere aequom censeo, I do not think it right to fear him, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 51: quid me aequom censes pro illa tibi dare? What do you think I should give as a fair price? etc., id. As. 1, 3, 76: meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui, I thought it my duty that my mind should, etc., id. Trin. 2, 2, 27: ecquis est tandem qui vestrorum... aequom censeat poenas dare ob eam rem quod arguatur male facere voluisse? Cato ap. Gell. 6 (7), 3, 36:d.quis aequum censeret... receptos in fidem non defendi?
Liv. 21, 19, 5; so id. 24, 37, 7; 5, 3, 8; 22, 32, 6.—And without emphasis upon the idea of fairness or right:si sunt ita ut ego aequom censeo,
as I think they ought to be, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 55; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 87; 2, 3, 1; id. Merc. 3, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 1, 11; id. Ep. 4, 1, 29; id. Stich. 2, 2, 20; 4, 1, 42:qui aequom esse censeant, nos jam a pueris ilico nasci senes,
who believe that we should be born as old men right from childhood, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2; so id. ib. 5, 5, 11; id. Ad. 4, 3, 10:qui aequom censeant rem perniciosam utili praeponi,
Auct. Her. 2, 14, 22: (tribuni) intercedebant;senatum quaerere de pecunia non relata in publicum... aequum censebant,
Liv. 38, 54, 5:cives civibus parcere aequum censebat,
Nep. Thras. 2, 6.—Very freq., esp. in Cic., when a question, rhetorical or real, is addressed to a second person, often referring to erroneous opinions:e.an fores censebas nobis publicitus praeberier?
Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 7:clanculum istaec te flagitia facere censebas potesse?
id. Men. 4, 2, 47:hicine nos habitare censes?
id. Trin. 4, 3, 72:omnes cinaedos esse censes, tu quia es?
id. Men. 3, 2, 48; so id. As. 2, 4, 78; 5, 2, 37; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 41; 5, 2. 82; id. Capt. 4, 2, 66; 4, 2, 74; 5, 2, 16; id. Cas. 2, 6, 29; id. Men. 5, 5, 25: continuo dari Tibi verba censes? Ter. And. 3, 2, 25; so id. ib. 3, 3, 13; 4, 4, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 38; id. Hec. 4, 1, 32; 4, 4, 53; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 35:adeone me delirare censes ut ista esse credam?
Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10:nam cum in Graeco sermone haec... non videbantur, quid censes in Latino fore?
id. Fin. 3, 4, 15:quid igitur censes? Apim illum nonne deum videri Aegyptiis?
id. N. D. 1, 29, 82:quis haec neget esse utilia? quem censes?
id. Off. 3, 26, 99:an censes me tantos labores... suscepturum fuisse, si, etc.,
id. Sen. 23, 82:an vos Hirtium pacem velle censetis?
id. Phil. 12, 4, 9; so id. Brut. 50, 186; 85, 294; id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10 fin.; 2, 4, 11; 3, 13, 27; id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. N. D. 1, 8, 20; 1, 28, 78; 1, 44, 122; id. Leg. 2, 10, 23; id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 54; id. Phil. 1, 6, 13; 4, 3, 7; 7, 4, 14; 11, 1, 3; 11, 5, 10; 12, 3, 7; 12, 6, 13; 12, 8, 21; 12, 9, 22; 13, 2, 4; 14, 4, 10; id. Att. 10, 11, 4:quid censes munera terrae?... quo spectanda modo, quo sensu credis et ore?
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 5 sqq.; so id. ib. 2, 2, 65; Lucr. 1, 973 (with obj.inf.).—With conditional period inst. of an inf.-clause:num censes faceret, filium nisi sciret eadem haec velle,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 46.—Sometimes censemus? is used in the same way as censes?
Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Off. 2, 7, 25; id. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—With an inf.clause understood: itane tu censes? Pa. Quid ego ni ita censeam? Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 27: quid ergo censes? Tr. Quod rogas, Censeo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 7 sq.: quid illum censes? (i. e. eo loco facere?) Ter. And. 5, 2, 12:2.quid illas censes? (i. e. posse dicere),
id. Ad. 4, 5, 22; so Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 59; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 9; 5, 3, 21.—So, very freq. in the comic poets, censeo, absol., as an approving answer; also sic censeo, istuc censeo, ita censeo (Cic.) to be variously rendered: ego divinam rem intus faciam... So. Censeo, that will be right! Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 11: auscultemus quid agat: Ph. Sane censeo, so we will, indeed, id. Curc. 2, 2, 29: quid si recenti re aedis pultem? Ad. Censeo, do so! id. Poen. 3, 4, 18: quin eloquamur? Ag. Censeo, hercle, patrue, id. ib. 5, 4, 93: patri etiam gratulabor? Tr. Censeo, I think so (and after answering several questions with censeo): etiamne complectar ejus patrem? Tr. Non censeo. Pl. Nunc non censet quom volo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 6 sqq.; id. Ps. 2, 2, 69; id. Stich. 5, 4, 53; id. Truc. 2, 4, 73; id. Cas. 4, 3, 14; Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 11; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 27: male habeas! Mu. Sic censeo, Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 11: aliquem arripiamus, etc.: Ly. Hem, istuc censeo, id. Merc. 3, 3, 19 (cf.:prorsus ita censeo, referring to general questions, as in D.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 23);once similarly censeas: Quid gravare? censeas!
Say yes, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 22.—To resolve, as a merely mental act, with gerundial inf.-clause (rare; cf. II. B.): quibus rebus cognitis, Caesar maturandum sibi censuit, resolved to hasten, lit., thought he must hasten ( = statuit, existimavit), Caes. B. G. 7, 56 init.:3.censuimus igitur amplius quaerendum,
Gell. 12, 14, 7.—To consider, i. e. after carefully weighing the circumstances, with inf.-clause (rare):4. a.sed cum censerem... me et periculum vitare posse, et temperatius dicere... ea causa mihi in Asiam proficiscendi fuit,
Cic. Brut. 91, 314.—With double acc.:b.quom dispicias tristem, frugi censeas (i.e. eum),
you would consider him thrifty, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2. 32:auxilio vos dignos censet senatus,
considers you worthy of help, Liv. 7, 31, 2:has... indagines cuppediarum majore detestatione dignas censebimus si, etc.,
Gell. 7 (6), 16, 6: cum Priscum nobilitas hostem patriae censuisset, judged, declared him the enemy, etc., Aur. Vict. Caes. 29, 4.—In the pass. with nom. and inf., = haberi (in Manil. and Gell.):5.praeter illas unam et viginti (comoedias) quae consensu omnium Plauti esse censebantur,
Gell. 3, 3, 3:quae terrena censentur sidera sorte (i. e. esse),
are considered as being of the terrestrial kind, Manil. 2, 226; so id. 2, 293; 2, 653; 2, 667; 3, 96; so, sub aliquo censeri, to be considered as being under one ' s influence, id. 4, 246; 4, 705; cf. id. 3, 598 (with per).—To wish, with subj.-clause or ne (in App.):2.de coma pretiosi velleris floccum mihi confestim adferas censeo,
App. M. 6. [p. 315] p. 117:censeo ne ulla cura os percolat,
id. Mag. p. 411.censeo, ēre, = succenseo, to be angry: ne vobis censeam, si, etc., Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 24. -
18 chaud
chaud, chaude [∫o, ∫od]1. adjectiveb. [partisan] strong ; [discussion] heatedc. ( = difficile) les banlieues chaudes problem estates2. masculine noun► à chaud3. adverb• j'ai eu chaud ! (inf) ( = de la chance) I had a narrow escape• « servir chaud » "serve hot"4. compounds► chaud lapin (inf!) horny devil (inf!)* * *
1.
chaude ʃo, ʃod adjectif1) ( à température élevée) hot; ( modérément) warmà four chaud/très chaud — in a warm/hot oven
2) ( qui donne de la chaleur) [pièce] ( agréablement) warm; ( excessivement) hot3) ( récent)‘ils sont mariés?’ - ‘oui, c'est tout chaud’ — ‘they're married?’ - ‘yes, it's hot news’
4) ( enthousiaste) [félicitations] warm; [partisan] strong5) ( agité) [région, période] turbulent; [sujet] sensitive; [discussion] heatedchaude ambiance ce soir chez les voisins! — hum things are getting heated next door tonight!
6) ( attrayant) [coloris, voix] warm7) (colloq) ( de prostitution) euph [quartier] red light (épith)
2.
il fait chaud — ( agréablement) it's warm; ( excessivement) it's hot
‘servir chaud’ — ‘serve hot’
3.
on crève (colloq) de chaud ici! — we're roasting (colloq) in here!
avoir chaud — ( modérément) to be warm; ( excessivement) to be hot
nous avons eu chaud — lit we were very hot; fig we had a narrow escape
donner chaud à quelqu'un — [course, aventure] to make somebody sweat
se tenir chaud — [personnes, animaux] to keep warm
chaud devant! — (colloq) watch out!
prendre un coup de chaud — [plante] to wilt (in the sun)
tenir or garder au chaud — lit to keep [somebody] warm [personne]; to keep [something] hot [plat, boisson]; fig ( pour parer à une éventualité) to have [something] on standby [matériel, projet]
4.
à chaud locution adverbialeà chaud — [analyser] on the spot; [réaction] immediate; Technologie [étirer] under heat
Phrasal Verbs:* * *ʃo, ʃod chaud, -e1. adj1) (chaleur confortable) warmEmportez des vêtements chauds. — Take some warm clothes.
Au soleil, il fait chaud. — It's nice and warm in the sun.
Tu peux y aller, l'eau est chaude. — Go on in, the water's nice and warm.
tenir chaud; Ça me tient chaud. — It keeps me warm.
Attention, c'est chaud! — Careful, it's hot!
Il fait un peu chaud, baisse le chauffage. — It's a bit hot, turn the heating down.
Il fait vraiment chaud aujourd'hui. — It's really hot today.
En juillet, il fait trop chaud. — It's too hot in July.
4) fig (discussion) heatedL'ambiance était chaude. — Things were getting heated.
5) fig (sexuellement)un chaud lapin * — a randy devil *
2. nmavoir chaud (chaleur confortable) — to be warm, (forte chaleur) to be hot
J'ai assez chaud. — I'm warm enough.
avoir eu chaud fig Là on a eu chaud, une seconde de plus et on y passait! — We had a narrow escape there, another minute and we'd have had it!
3. adv* * *A adj1 ( à température élevée) hot; ( modérément) warm; [temps, vent, air] hot ou warm; [climat, pays, saison, journée] hot ou warm; [nourriture, repas, boisson] hot; [mer] warm; [soleil] ( excessivement) hot; ( agréablement) warm; [moteur, appareil] ( anormalement) hot; ( après usage) warm; à four chaud/très chaud in a warm/hot oven; on nous a servi des croissants tout chauds we were served piping hot croissants; ⇒ fer, gorge, larme, sang;2 ( qui donne de la chaleur) [local, pièce] ( agréablement) warm; ( excessivement) hot; emportez des vêtements chauds take warm clothing; ma veste est bien/trop chaude my jacket is really/too warm;3 ( récent) ma nomination est toute chaude my appointment is hot news; ‘ils sont mariés?’-‘oui, c'est tout chaud’ ‘they're married?’-‘yes, it's hot news ou the latest gossip’;4 ( enthousiaste) [recommandation, félicitations] warm; [partisan] strong; ils n'ont pas été très chauds pour faire they were not very keen on doing; une chaude ambiance entre camarades a warm and friendly atmosphere among friends;5 ( agité) [région, période, rentrée sociale] turbulent; [dossier, sujet] sensitive; [assemblée, réunion, discussion] heated; l'automne sera chaud sur le front social it's going to be a turbulent autumn GB ou fall US on the industrial relations front; un des points chauds du globe one of the flash points of the world; ils ont eu une chaude alerte they had a narrow escape; chaude ambiance ce soir chez les voisins! iron things are getting heated next door tonight!;6 ( attrayant) [coloris, ton, voix] warm;7 ○( de prostitution) euph [quartier] red light ( épith); une des rues les plus chaudes de la capitale one of the most notorious red light districts in the capital.B adv il fait chaud ( agréablement) it's warm; ( excessivement) it's hot; il a fait/fera chaud toute la journée Météo it has been/will be hot all day; ça ne me/leur fait ni chaud ni froid it doesn't matter one way or the other to me/to them; boire/manger chaud to drink hot drinks/to eat hot foods; ‘à boire/manger chaud’ ‘to be drunk/eaten hot’; je n'aime pas boire trop chaud I don't like very hot drinks; ‘servir chaud/très chaud’ ‘serve hot/very hot’C nm ( chaleur) heat; on crève de chaud ici○! we're roasting○ in here!; avoir chaud ( modérément) to be warm; ( excessivement) to be hot; as-tu assez chaud? are you warm enough?; nous avons eu chaud lit we were very hot; fig we had a narrow escape; donner chaud à qn [boisson] to make sb feel hot; [course, aventure] to make sb sweat; tenir chaud à qn to keep sb warm; ça me tient chaud aux pieds it keeps my feet warm; reste contre moi, tu me tiens chaud stay right there, you're keeping me warm; se tenir chaud [personnes, animaux] to keep warm; chaud devant○! watch out!; coup de chaud à la Bourse flurry of activity on the stock exchange; prendre un coup de chaud [plante, fleur] to wilt (in the sun); tenir or garder au chaud lit to keep [sb] warm [personne, malade]; to keep [sth] hot [plat, boisson]; fig ( pour parer à une éventualité) to have [sth] on standby [matériel, projet, remède]; au chaud/bien au chaud dans mon manteau/lit snug/snug and warm in my coat/bed; je préfère rester au chaud devant la cheminée I prefer to stay in the warm by the fire; ⇒ souffler.D à chaud loc adv à chaud [commenter, analyser, résoudre] on the spot; [réaction, impression] immediate; [étirer, travailler] Tech under heat; [opérer] on the spot; opérer qn à chaud Méd to carry out an emergency operation (on sb); soluble à chaud Chimie, Pharm heat-soluble.souffler le chaud et le froid to blow hot and cold.( féminin chaude) [ʃo, ʃod] adjectif2. [veste, couverture] warm3. [qui n'a pas refroidi] warm5. [ardent - ambiance] warm6. [agité, dangereux] hotl'alerte a été chaude it was a near ou close thing9. [couleur, voix] warmchaud adverbea. [douce chaleur] to feel warmb. [forte chaleur] to feel hota. [douce chaleur] it's warmb. [forte chaleur] it's hotchaud nom masculin1. [chaleur]2. MÉDECINEchaude nom féminin————————à chaud locution adverbiale1. [en urgence]2. MÉTALLURGIE————————au chaud locution adverbialea. [au lit] stay nice and cosy ou warm in your bedb. [sans sortir] don't go out in the coldmettre ou garder des assiettes au chaud to keep plates warm -
19 brutto
ugly( cattivo) badtempo, tipo, situazione, affare nastyuna brutta notizia bad news* * *brutto agg.1 ugly, nasty: una brutta casa, an ugly house; un brutto uomo, an ugly man; lo spettacolo era più brutto di quanto pensassi, the show was even worse than I expected; che brutta statua!, what an ugly statue! // brutto come il peccato, as ugly as sin2 ( scialbo, insignificante) plain, unattractive: un volto piuttosto brutto, a rather plain face; ha un bel viso, ma un brutto corpo, she has a pretty face but her body isn't very attractive4 ( sfavorevole) nasty, ugly; ( sgradevole) unpleasant, nasty; ( serio, grave) bad, nasty: è un brutto posto per viverci, it's an unpleasant place to live in; è una brutta situazione, it's a nasty situation; ha una brutta ferita, he has an ugly (o nasty) wound; è stato un brutto incidente, it was a really nasty accident; brutte notizie, bad news; brutto segno, bad sign; brutto tempo, nasty (o filthy o foul) weather; brutto voto, bad mark; avere un brutto raffreddore, to have a bad cold; fare brutta figura, to cut a bad (o a poor) figure // alle brutte, if the worst happens (o if the worst comes to the worst) // venire alle brutte, to come to blows // vederne delle brutte, (fig.) to have a bad time5 ( biasimevole) mean, low-down; ( sconveniente) unseemly: una brutta azione, a bad action; un brutto comportamento, an unseemly behaviour; un brutto tiro, a mean trick6 ( rafforzativo) great, nasty, terrible; (fam.) big: brutto villano!, big oaf!; è una brutta bestia, it's a hard nut to crack◆ s.m.1 ( persona brutta) ugly person2 ugliness: non distingue il brutto dal bello, he can't tell the difference between what's ugly and what's beautiful; il brutto della situazione è che non abbiamo una lira, the bad thing about the situation is that we haven't got a penny* * *['brutto] brutto (-a)1. agg1) (persona, vestito, casa) uglyvedersela brutta — (per un attimo) to have a nasty moment, (per un periodo) to have a bad time of it
2. smil brutto è che... — the problem o unfortunate thing is that...
3. avvpicchiare qn di brutto — to give sb a bad o nasty beating
* * *['brutto] 1.1) (esteticamente) [persona, animale, costruzione, luogo] ugly2) (scadente) [opera, spettacolo] bad, terrible3) (negativo) [ricordo, impressione, segno, notizia, voto] bad; [sorpresa, esperienza, faccenda, affare] bad, nasty4) (grave) [incidente, ferita, errore, tosse] bad, nasty5) (difficile) [situazione, momento] bad, hard, difficult; [ inizio] poor6) (sconveniente) [momento, luogo] bad, unsuitable7) (cattivo) [comportamento, parola, scherzo] bad; [abitudine, vizio] bad, nasty2.è brutto che qcn. faccia — it is bad of sb. to do
sostantivo maschileil brutto della faccenda è che... — the worst of it is that...
ha di brutto che... — the bad thing about it is that
2) meteor.guardare qcn. di brutto — to look at sb. askance; (senza mezzi termini)
chiedere qcs. di brutto — to ask sth. straight-out; (completamente)
•- a copia — rough copy
••con le -e — shabbily, roughly
••vedersela -a — to have a narrow o lucky escape, to have a close shape
Note:Come guida ai diversi usi e significati dell'aggettivo brutto presentati nella voce qui sotto, va specificato che gli equivalenti inglesi distinguono abbastanza nettamente tra il giudizio estetico e quello di valore. - Nel primo caso, l'equivalente diretto di brutto è ugly, ma quest'ultima parola è molto forte (= bruttissimo, decisamente brutto), ed è pertanto sostituibile, con riferimento a cose, da espressioni via via meno forti quali rather ugly, not much to look at o not very nice; con riferimento a persone, si può usare ancora not much to look at, o very ordinary-looking, not at all good-looking (per i maschi) e not very pretty, rather plain o plain (per le femmine). - Nel caso di un giudizio principalmente di valore, l'equivalente più comune è senz'altro bad; si possono usare anche terrible, dreadful e awful, che con l'uso hanno perso il significato forte di un tempo. Si veda la voce qui sotto per ulteriori esempi* * *brutto/'brutto/Come guida ai diversi usi e significati dell'aggettivo brutto presentati nella voce qui sotto, va specificato che gli equivalenti inglesi distinguono abbastanza nettamente tra il giudizio estetico e quello di valore. - Nel primo caso, l'equivalente diretto di brutto è ugly, ma quest'ultima parola è molto forte (= bruttissimo, decisamente brutto), ed è pertanto sostituibile, con riferimento a cose, da espressioni via via meno forti quali rather ugly, not much to look at o not very nice; con riferimento a persone, si può usare ancora not much to look at, o very ordinary-looking, not at all good-looking (per i maschi) e not very pretty, rather plain o plain (per le femmine). - Nel caso di un giudizio principalmente di valore, l'equivalente più comune è senz'altro bad; si possono usare anche terrible, dreadful e awful, che con l'uso hanno perso il significato forte di un tempo. Si veda la voce qui sotto per ulteriori esempi.1 (esteticamente) [persona, animale, costruzione, luogo] ugly; essere brutto da far paura o come il peccato to be as ugly as sin2 (scadente) [opera, spettacolo] bad, terrible3 (negativo) [ricordo, impressione, segno, notizia, voto] bad; [sorpresa, esperienza, faccenda, affare] bad, nasty4 (grave) [incidente, ferita, errore, tosse] bad, nasty5 (difficile) [situazione, momento] bad, hard, difficult; [ inizio] poor6 (sconveniente) [momento, luogo] bad, unsuitable7 (cattivo) [comportamento, parola, scherzo] bad; [abitudine, vizio] bad, nasty; è brutto che qcn. faccia it is bad of sb. to do9 (con insulti) brutto stupido! you silly idiot!1 (lato spiacevole) il brutto della faccenda è che... the worst of it is that...; ha di brutto che... the bad thing about it is that...2 meteor. il tempo volge al brutto the weather is changing for the worse3 di brutto (con ostilità) guardare qcn. di brutto to look at sb. askance; (senza mezzi termini) chiedere qcs. di brutto to ask sth. straight-out; (completamente) ti sbagli di brutto you're quite wrong\- a copia rough copy. -
20 tirare
1. v/t pull( tendere) stretch( lanciare) throw( sparare) fire( tracciare) drawtirare fuori take outbambino bring uptirare giù take down2. v/i pulldi abito be too tightdi vento blow( sparare) shoottirare avanti ( arrangiarsi) get by, manage( continuare) keep goingtirare dritto go straight ontirare a sorte draw lots* * *tirare v.tr.1 to pull; to draw*; ( trascinare) to drag: tira, non spingere, pull, don't push; tirare una corda, to pull a rope; una carrozza tirata da quattro cavalli, a coach drawn by four horses; tirava un sacco pesante, he was dragging a heavy sack; tirò il tavolo vicino al muro, he drew the table near the wall; tirare la manica a qlcu., tirare qlcu. per la manica, to pull (o to pluck) s.o.'s sleeve; tirare il campanello, to pull the bell; tirare le reti, to haul in the nets // una parola tira l'altra, one thing leads to another // una ciliegia tira l'altra, cherries are moreish // il suo comportamento tira gli schiaffi, his behaviour gets my goat // tirare il fiato, to get one's breath back // tirarsi gente in casa, to bring people home // tirare qlcu. dalla propria parte, to bring s.o. round to one's point of view // tirare giù, to pull down, to let down; ( abbassare) to lower: tirare giù la saracinesca, to pull down the shutter (o to let the shutter down); tirare giù un libro da uno scaffale, to take down a book from a shelf; (comm.) tirare giù un prezzo, to lower (o to reduce) a price // tirare su, to pull up; ( raccogliere) to pick up: tira su quel pezzo di carta dal pavimento, pick up that piece of paper from the floor; tirarsi su le calze, to pull up one's socks; tirarsi su i capelli, to put up one's hair; tirare su un muro, to build a wall; tirare su un bambino, to bring up a child; le vacanze l'hanno tirato su, the holidays have set him up again // tirare dentro, to bring in; hanno tirato dentro anche me, they dragged me into it too // tirare fuori, to draw out: tirò fuori l'abito dalla valigia, she drew out the dress from the case; tira fuori le mani di tasca, take your hands out of your pockets; tira fuori tutto quello che hai da dire, spill the beans; tirare fuori la verità, to come out with the truth; tirare fuori qlcu., ( di prigione) to have (o to get) s.o. out (of prison) // tirare via, ( togliere) to take away; to pull out (o off o away): tira via la sedia, take away the chair; hanno tirato via l'etichetta, they have pulled off the label; tirò via un chiodo, he pulled out a nail; tirare via un lavoro, ( non farlo accuratamente) to finish off a job // tirarsi dietro, to draw (o to pull) after oneself; ( portare con sé) to drag after oneself: si tirò dietro la porta, he pulled the door to after him; devo sempre tirarmi dietro mio fratello, I always have to drag my brother around after me // tirarsi addosso le critiche di tutti, to make oneself the object of everybody's criticism2 ( lanciare) to throw*: tirare un sasso a un cane, to throw a stone at a dog; tirare una freccia, to shoot an arrow; tirare ( il pallone) in porta, a rete, to shoot // tirare i dadi, to throw dice // tirare calci, pugni, to kick, to punch3 ( tendere) to draw*: tirare le tende, to draw the curtains; tirare un filo, to put up a line, ( delle calze) to pull a thread (in one's stockings) // tirare una riga, to draw a line // tirare l'arco, to bend (o to draw) the bow // tirarla, ( vivere in ristrettezze) to have trouble making ends meet // tirare tardi, giorno, mattina, (region.) to stay up late; tirare notte, to pass the time4 ( ricavare) to draw; ( fare) to make*: tirare una conclusione, to draw a conclusion; tirare le somme, to sum up (anche fig.) // tirare la paga, l'affitto, (antiq.) to draw (o to collect) one's wages, the rent5 ( far diventare): tirare a lucido, a cera, to polish; essere tirato a lucido, (fig.) to be dolled up6 ( stampare) to print, to run* off: tirare 1000 copie di un libro, to print (o to run off) 1000 copies of a book; tirare le bozze, to pull proofs◆ v. intr.1 to go* on, to carry on: ''Come va?'' ''Si tira avanti'', ''How are you?'' ''Not so bad'' (o ''Could be worse''); tirarono avanti per parecchi chilometri, they went on for many kilometres2 ( mirare, tendere) to approach, to tend: un grigio che tira all'azzurro, a bluish grey // tirare ai soldi, to aim at money3 (fig. fam.) ( avere inclinazione) to prefer (sthg.): tira più per la pallacanestro che per il calcio, he prefers basketball to football4 ( sparare) to shoot*; ( far fuoco) to fire: sa tirare bene, he is a good shot; ordinò loro di tirare, he ordered them to fire; tirare a qlcu., to shoot (o to fire) at s.o. // tirare di scherma, di spada, to fence; tirare di boxe, to box5 ( soffiare) to blow*: tira vento, the wind is blowing (o it is windy) // tira aria di tempesta, (fig.) a storm is in the air (o there is a stormy atmosphere)6 ( avere tiraggio) to draw*: il camino non tira, the chimney doesn't draw; questo sigaro tira bene, this cigar draws well // (econ.): l'industria automobilistica tira, the car industry is thriving; questa azienda non tira, this firm is not doing well8 ( di strada) to go* uphill, to run* uphill9 ( di indumenti, stringere) to be tight: questo vestito tira sui fianchi, this dress is too tight on the hips◘ tirarsi v.rifl.1 to draw*; to drag: si tirò da parte, he drew to one side // tirare su, ( alzarsi) to draw oneself up; ( riprendersi) to feel better: si tirò su quando mi vide, he drew himself up (o stood up) when he saw me // tirare indietro, to draw back, (fig.) to hold back2 (ant.) to go*.* * *[ti'rare]1. vttirare qn da parte — to take o draw sb aside
tirare qn per i capelli — to pull sb's hair, fig to force sb
tirare fuori — to pull out, take out
tirare su qn/qc — to pull sb/sth up
tirare su qn — (fig : rallegrare) to cheer sb up, (allevare) to bring sb up
tirarsi dietro qn — to bring o drag sb along
tirarsi addosso qc — to pull sth down on top of o.s., fig to bring sth upon o.s.
2) (chiudere: tende) to draw, close, pulltirare la porta — to close the door, pull the door to
3) (tracciare, disegnare) to draw, trace, (stampare) to print4) (lanciare: sasso, palla) to throw, fling, (colpo, freccia) to fire, (fig : bestemmie, imprecazioni) to hurl, let flytirare il pallone Calcio — to kick the ball
2. vitirare avanti — (fig : vivere) to get by, (proseguire) to struggle on
tirare tardi/mattina — to stay up late/till the early hours o dawn
tirare col fucile/con l'arco — to shoot with a rifle/with a bow and arrow
che aria tira? fig — what are things like?, what's the situation like?
tirare in porta Calcio — to shoot (at goal)
il mercato/l'economia tira — the market/the economy is thriving
3. vr (tirarsi)tirarsi indietro — to draw o move back, fig to back out
tirarsi su — to pull o.s. up, fig to cheer o.s. up
* * *[ti'rare] 1.verbo transitivo1) (esercitare una trazione su) to pull [catena, corda, leva, freno a mano]; to pull, to tug [ capelli]; (per chiudere) to draw*, to pull [ tende]tirare qcn. per il braccio — to pull sb. by the arm o sb.'s arm
2) (lanciare) to throw*, to toss, to fling* [ pallone]; to throw*, to cast* [sasso, dadi]; to shoot*, to fire [ freccia]; (sparare) to shoot*, to fire [proiettile, granata]; to fire, to take* [ colpo]tirare qcs. a qcn. — to throw sth. at sb., to toss sb. sth
3) (sferrare)tirare calci — [persona, animale] to kick (out)
tirare un rigore — sport to kick a penalty
4) (tendere) to stretch, to tighten [ filo]; to draw* [ arco]; (stendere) gastr. to roll out [ pasta]5) (trainare) to draw*, to pull [roulotte, carro, aratro, slitta]6) (tracciare) to draw* [linea, tratto]8) (trarre, ricavare) to draw* [acqua, vino]10) tirare dentro (portare dentro) to bring* in(side); fig. (coinvolgere) to bring* into, to drag into11) tirare dietro to throw* [sth.] behindte li tirano dietro — fig. they are two o ten a penny, they are a dime a dozen
12) tirare fuori to take* out, to draw* out, to get* out, to pull out [documenti, ombrello, portafogli]; to get* out [ auto]; to bring* out, to get* out, to pull out [fazzoletto, pistola]; to come* up with [idea, risposta]; to come* out with [scusa, verità]; to poke out, to put* out, to stick* out [ lingua]tirare fuori da qcs. — to take o draw [sth.] out of sth., to produce [sth.] from sth. [ oggetto]
tirami fuori di qui! — (fare uscire) get me out of this place!
tirare qcn. fuori dai guai — to get sb. out of trouble
13) tirare giù (abbassare) to take* down, to pull down [pantaloni, mutande]; to draw* down [tapparella, velo, tenda]; to let* down [ orlo]; to fold down [ lenzuolo]; to roll down [ maniche]; to wind* down, to put* down [ finestrino]; fig. to bring* down, to knock back [ prezzo]; (buttare per terra) to throw* [sb., sth.] to the ground; (abbattere) to shoot* down [ aereo]tirare giù qcn. dal letto — to get o drag o haul sb. out of bed
14) tirare indietro to put* back, to throw* back [ spalle]; to slide* back [ sedile]; (pettinare) to push back [ capelli]15) tirare in dentro to pull in [ pancia]16) tirare su (alzare) to pull up, to lift, to hitch up [pantaloni, gonna, calze]; to raise, to draw* up [tenda, tapparella]; to take* up [ orlo]; to pull up, to hitch up [ coperte]; to turn up [ colletto]; to roll up [ maniche]; to wind* up, to put* up [ finestrino]; to raise, to lift, to put* up [testa, braccia, gambe]; to pin up, to put* up [ capelli]; fig. to put* up, to raise, to push up [ prezzo]; (sollevare) to pick up, to catch* up [bambino, borsa]; (costruire) to build* [parete, casa]; (allevare) to bring* up [bambino, figlio]; fig. (risollevare) to uplift, to cheer up [ persona]; to raise, to uplift, to boost [ morale]tirare su qcs. dal pavimento — to pick sth. off the floor
tirare su col naso — to sniff(le), to snuffle
17) tirare via (togliere) to draw* away [mano, piede]; to pull off [ coperchio]; (strappare) to pull off [ adesivo]2.1) (esercitare una trazione) to pull2) (soffiare) to blow*; (avere tiraggio) [camino, pompa] to draw*oggi tira vento — it's windy o the wind is blowing today
sentire o vedere che aria tira fig. to see which way the wind blows; con l'aria che tira! — at the rate things are going!
3) (con un'arma) to shoot* (su, a at)tirare di boxe — sport to box
tirare di scherma — sport to fence
4) (stringere)tirare in vita — [ vestito] to be (too) tight around one's waist
6) fig. (contrattare)tirare sul prezzo — to haggle over the price, to bargain
7) gerg. (sniffare)8) tirare avanti (continuare) to go* on, to carry on, to press on; (vivacchiare) to bear* up, to struggle along; (sopravvivere economicamente) to cope, to get* along, to scrape by9) tirare d(i)ritto (andare oltre) to pass on3.verbo pronominale tirarsi- rsi i capelli — to pull at one's hair; (l'un l'altro) to pull at each other's hair
-rsi i baffi, il labbro — to tug at one's moustache, lip
2) (spostarsi)- rsi in là — to budge up o over, to shove over
tirati da parte — step o move aside
3) (lanciarsi) to throw* [sth.] to each other [ pallone]; to throw* [sth.] at each other, to throw* [sth.] against each other [sassi, colpi]4) tirarsi addosso to bring* (down) [sth.] upon oneself; fig. (attirarsi) to bring* down, to incur [dispiacere, collera]; to bring* [sth.] down [ critiche]5) tirarsi dietro to bring* along [ persona]; fig. to bring* about [problemi, complicazioni]6) tirarsi fuori da to wriggle one's way out of, to clamber out of- rsi fuori dai guai — fig. to wriggle off the hook
7) tirarsi indietro (scansarsi) to move aside, to step aside; (ritirarsi) to back down, to flinch, to hang* back; (pettinarsi)8) tirarsi su (alzarsi) to rise*, to draw* oneself up, to raise oneself up; (mettersi dritto) to rise*, to stand* up, to get* up; (mettersi seduto) to sit* upright, to raise oneself to a sitting position; fig. (risollevarsi) (moralmente) to cheer up; (fisicamente) to gather oneself, to recover, to bounce back; (economicamente) to bounce back; (raccogliere) to put* up, to pin up [ capelli]; to pull up, to hitch up [pantaloni, gonna, calze]9) tirarsela colloq. to put* on airs, to get* above oneself••tirare per le lunghe, in lungo — to spin out [storia, discussione]; to drag out [riunione, discorso]
tirarla per le lunghe — to drag one's feet o heels, to hang fire
* * *tirare/ti'rare/ [1]1 (esercitare una trazione su) to pull [catena, corda, leva, freno a mano]; to pull, to tug [ capelli]; (per chiudere) to draw*, to pull [ tende]; tirare qcn. per il braccio to pull sb. by the arm o sb.'s arm; tirare il collo a un pollo to wring a chicken's neck; tirare le reti to pull the nets (out)2 (lanciare) to throw*, to toss, to fling* [ pallone]; to throw*, to cast* [sasso, dadi]; to shoot*, to fire [ freccia]; (sparare) to shoot*, to fire [proiettile, granata]; to fire, to take* [ colpo]; tirare qcs. a qcn. to throw sth. at sb., to toss sb. sth.3 (sferrare) tirare calci [persona, animale] to kick (out); tirare un pugno to throw a punch; tirare un rigore sport to kick a penalty4 (tendere) to stretch, to tighten [ filo]; to draw* [ arco]; (stendere) gastr. to roll out [ pasta]5 (trainare) to draw*, to pull [roulotte, carro, aratro, slitta]6 (tracciare) to draw* [linea, tratto]7 (portare con sé) una parola tira l'altra one word leads to another8 (trarre, ricavare) to draw* [acqua, vino]10 tirare dentro (portare dentro) to bring* in(side); fig. (coinvolgere) to bring* into, to drag into11 tirare dietro to throw* [sth.] behind; te li tirano dietro fig. they are two o ten a penny, they are a dime a dozen12 tirare fuori to take* out, to draw* out, to get* out, to pull out [documenti, ombrello, portafogli]; to get* out [ auto]; to bring* out, to get* out, to pull out [fazzoletto, pistola]; to come* up with [idea, risposta]; to come* out with [scusa, verità]; to poke out, to put* out, to stick* out [ lingua]; tirare fuori da qcs. to take o draw [sth.] out of sth., to produce [sth.] from sth. [ oggetto]; tirami fuori di qui! (fare uscire) get me out of this place! cosa tirerà fuori adesso! what (will he come out with) next! tirare qcn. fuori dai guai to get sb. out of trouble13 tirare giù (abbassare) to take* down, to pull down [pantaloni, mutande]; to draw* down [tapparella, velo, tenda]; to let* down [ orlo]; to fold down [ lenzuolo]; to roll down [ maniche]; to wind* down, to put* down [ finestrino]; fig. to bring* down, to knock back [ prezzo]; (buttare per terra) to throw* [sb., sth.] to the ground; (abbattere) to shoot* down [ aereo]; tirare giù qcn. dal letto to get o drag o haul sb. out of bed14 tirare indietro to put* back, to throw* back [ spalle]; to slide* back [ sedile]; (pettinare) to push back [ capelli]; tirare indietro le lancette dell'orologio to put the clock back15 tirare in dentro to pull in [ pancia]16 tirare su (alzare) to pull up, to lift, to hitch up [pantaloni, gonna, calze]; to raise, to draw* up [tenda, tapparella]; to take* up [ orlo]; to pull up, to hitch up [ coperte]; to turn up [ colletto]; to roll up [ maniche]; to wind* up, to put* up [ finestrino]; to raise, to lift, to put* up [testa, braccia, gambe]; to pin up, to put* up [ capelli]; fig. to put* up, to raise, to push up [ prezzo]; (sollevare) to pick up, to catch* up [bambino, borsa]; (costruire) to build* [parete, casa]; (allevare) to bring* up [bambino, figlio]; fig. (risollevare) to uplift, to cheer up [ persona]; to raise, to uplift, to boost [ morale]; tirami su! lift me up! tirare su qcs. dal pavimento to pick sth. off the floor; tirare su col naso to sniff(le), to snuffle17 tirare via (togliere) to draw* away [mano, piede]; to pull off [ coperchio]; (strappare) to pull off [ adesivo](aus. avere)1 (esercitare una trazione) to pull; tira forte! pull hard!2 (soffiare) to blow*; (avere tiraggio) [camino, pompa] to draw*; oggi tira vento it's windy o the wind is blowing today; sentire o vedere che aria tira fig. to see which way the wind blows; con l'aria che tira! at the rate things are going!3 (con un'arma) to shoot* (su, a at); tirare con l'arco to shoot with a bow and arrow; tirare di boxe sport to box; tirare di scherma sport to fence8 tirare avanti (continuare) to go* on, to carry on, to press on; (vivacchiare) to bear* up, to struggle along; (sopravvivere economicamente) to cope, to get* along, to scrape by; questo mi basta per tirare avanti this is enough to keep me going9 tirare d(i)ritto (andare oltre) to pass onIII tirarsi verbo pronominale1 (esercitare una trazione) - rsi i capelli to pull at one's hair; (l'un l'altro) to pull at each other's hair; -rsi i baffi, il labbro to tug at one's moustache, lip3 (lanciarsi) to throw* [sth.] to each other [ pallone]; to throw* [sth.] at each other, to throw* [sth.] against each other [sassi, colpi]4 tirarsi addosso to bring* (down) [sth.] upon oneself; fig. (attirarsi) to bring* down, to incur [dispiacere, collera]; to bring* [sth.] down [ critiche]5 tirarsi dietro to bring* along [ persona]; fig. to bring* about [problemi, complicazioni]; tirati dietro la porta close the door behind you6 tirarsi fuori da to wriggle one's way out of, to clamber out of; - rsi fuori dai guai fig. to wriggle off the hook7 tirarsi indietro (scansarsi) to move aside, to step aside; (ritirarsi) to back down, to flinch, to hang* back; (pettinarsi) - rsi indietro i capelli to tie back one's hair8 tirarsi su (alzarsi) to rise*, to draw* oneself up, to raise oneself up; (mettersi dritto) to rise*, to stand* up, to get* up; (mettersi seduto) to sit* upright, to raise oneself to a sitting position; fig. (risollevarsi) (moralmente) to cheer up; (fisicamente) to gather oneself, to recover, to bounce back; (economicamente) to bounce back; (raccogliere) to put* up, to pin up [ capelli]; to pull up, to hitch up [pantaloni, gonna, calze]9 tirarsela colloq. to put* on airs, to get* above oneselftirare per le lunghe, in lungo to spin out [storia, discussione]; to drag out [riunione, discorso]; tirarla per le lunghe to drag one's feet o heels, to hang fire.
См. также в других словарях:
Place-forte — Une place forte, ou communément en langage militaire, une place, est un ensemble cohérent de fortifications visant à protéger non seulement le terrain enclos, mais aussi le terroir environnant et un territoire situé en arrière (vis à vis d un… … Wikipédia en Français
Place forte — Une place forte, ou communément en langage militaire, une place, est un ensemble cohérent de fortifications visant à protéger non seulement le terrain enclos, mais aussi le terroir environnant et un territoire situé en arrière (vis à vis d un… … Wikipédia en Français
place-forte — nf., forteresse : pyéfoo nm. (Arvillard) … Dictionnaire Français-Savoyard
Déclassement d'une place forte — ● Déclassement d une place forte décision de lever les servitudes imposées par la fortification d une place forte devenue inutile à la défense … Encyclopédie Universelle
Masquer une résistance, une place forte — ● Masquer une résistance, une place forte les neutraliser en détachant devant elles des unités pour permettre à d autres formations de continuer leur progression … Encyclopédie Universelle
place — [ plas ] n. f. • 1080 « endroit »; lat. pop. °plattea, class. platea I ♦ 1 ♦ (1370; h. XIIe) Lieu public, espace découvert, généralement entouré de constructions. ⇒ esplanade, rond point; piazza. Petite place. ⇒ placette. Place d une ville… … Encyclopédie Universelle
placé — place [ plas ] n. f. • 1080 « endroit »; lat. pop. °plattea, class. platea I ♦ 1 ♦ (1370; h. XIIe) Lieu public, espace découvert, généralement entouré de constructions. ⇒ esplanade, rond point; piazza. Petite place. ⇒ placette. Place d une ville… … Encyclopédie Universelle
forte — [ fɔrte ] adv. • 1705; on employait 2. fort; it. forte « fort » ♦ Mus. Fort. Passage à exécuter forte, en jouant ou en chantant fort (⇒ fortissimo) . N. m. inv. Passage à exécuter fort. Des forte. ⊗ CONTR. 2. Piano. ● forte adverbe et nom… … Encyclopédie Universelle
place — PLACE. s. f. Lieu, espace qu occupe ou peut occuper une personne, une chose. La place est remplie. la place est vuide. mettre chaque chose à sa place. en sa place. laisser la place libre. changer des livres, des meubles de place. il change de… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Place de toul — Situation de la Place La place a été organisée en 1874 et les années suivantes avec des forts détachés construits autour de la vieille enceinte Vauban. Cette vieille enceinte, située sur la rive gauche de la Moselle, au sommet ouest de la boucle… … Wikipédia en Français
Place fortifiée de Belfort — La place fortifiée de Belfort est une place de première ligne de défense du système défensif Séré de Rivières entre celles de Épinal et de Besançon. Sommaire 1 Histoire 2 Forts composant la Place fortifiée 2.1 Fort du Salbert (ou Fort Lefebvre) … Wikipédia en Français
